Browsing by Author "Kalilo, Hassan Johnson"

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    Water Hyacinth Derived Activated Carbon Electrode Materials for Water Defluoridation Using Capacitive Deionization Technology
    (ELSEVIER, 2025) Kalilo, Hassan Johnson; Elisadiki, Joyce; Vegi, Maheswara Rao; Vuai, Said Ali Hamad
    Safe water is a vital component of human life that requires purification to reduce the concentration of ionic pollutants using appropriate water treatment techniques, such as capacitive deionization (CDI) water treatment technology. The porous activated carbon electrode materials have prepared via the carbonization of water hy- acinth plants followed by chemical activation using KOH at different temperatures (400-700◦C with an incre- ment of 100◦C) labeled as CWH-400, WHAC-500, WHAC-600 and WHAC-700 all being activated for 1 h where CWH represents carbonized water hyacinths and WHAC represents water hyacinths activated carbon. The activation temperature has a significant effect on the specific surface area of the porous carbon prepared, as it increases from 464.67 m²/g for CWH-400 to 1020.01 m²/g for WHAC-700. The defluoridation experiments were done using water samples with initial fluoride concentrations of 4.21, 4.61 and 3.51 mg/L for water samples from Arusha (A), Manyara (B) and Shinyanga (C) respectively when the 2 V was supplied to the cell with 10 mL/ min flow rate at 3 hours charging time. The defluoridation results were 1.28, 1.37, and 1.15 mg/L for water samples A, B, and C, respectively. The WHAC-700 electrode was found to possess a capacitance of 501.89 F/g, exhibiting removal efficiencies of 69.60%, 70.28%, and 67.24% for water samples from Arusha (A), Manyara (B), and Shinyanga (C), respectively, at a potential of 2 V with a charging time of 3 hours. Therefore, the water hyacinth plants are suitable precursors for preparing porous activated carbon electrodes to be used in a CDI cell for the defluoridation of any water sample