Browsing by Author "Kilemile, Warren"

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    Stability Assessment of Papaya and Ginger Blend Meat Tenderizer
    (MUST Journal of Research and Development, 2024) Kilemile, Warren; Runyogote, Joseph M.
    The present study was conducted to determine the shelf life of a meat tenderizer formulated from papaya-ginger (1:1) under room temperature (25oC) for six (6) months. The physiochemical properties: colour, pH, and titratable acidity of the tenderizer were assessed on a monthly basis based on the AOAC 988.13 method, AOAC, 2000 method 981.12, and AOAC, 2000 method 942.15, respectively. Furthermore, the microbial quality of the tenderizer was determined based on the ISO 7218:2007 (E) protocol. Based on the collected data, the studied parameters were determined to be: pH ranged from 3.81 to 6.02; titratable acidity (0.0375% to 0.2325%); colour ranged from 0.3005 to 0.339 for yellow and 0.297 to 0.341 for red. The total microbial count ranged between 1.8×102 CFU/ml and 42×103 CFU/ml. The ginger-papaya blend meat tenderizer during the storage period was observed to have significant variation in total bacteria count and physico-chemical properties (titratable acidity and content of reducing sugars). Other studied parameters, such as coliform bacteria, were not significantly different during the storage period. It was determined that the developed meat tenderizer can last up to six months from the day of manufacturing.
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    Transforming Food Systems: A Review of Sustainable Approaches to Minimize Food Loss and Waste
    (WILEY, 2025-10-24) Kilemile, Warren; Vulla|, Kelvin E.; Mihafu,|Fabian; Chandrasekaran,Vidhya
    Food loss and waste are significant global issues that have a profound impact on food security, the environment, and the economy. This review examines the magnitude, origins, and consequences of food loss and waste within the food system, emphasizing both technical and socio-political dimensions. Evidence suggests that losses occur at multiple stages, including production, post-harvest handling, retail, and consumption. The causes include inadequate infrastructure, poor handling practices, ineffective supply chains, consumer behaviors, and weak regulatory frameworks. High-income nations generate more waste during consumption, whereas developing regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa experience significant waste post-harvest and throughout distribution. Existing interventions, including the expansion of the cold chain, utilization of digital platforms, and implementation of awareness campaigns, have proven to be inadequately scalable, particularly in resource-constrained environments. Moreover, inadequacies persist in data quality, behavioral research, policy enforcement, and the incorporation of circular economy methodologies. This review is distinctive in that it examines the collective impacts on the environment, health, and economy, correlating them with governance and cultural influences, particularly in developing nations. The findings underscore the need for policies that are transparent, evidence-based, and integrate food loss and waste reduction with national strategies for food security, climate change mitigation, and public health. To achieve SDG 12.3 and enhance the sustainability of food systems, it is crucial to strengthen data systems, promote private sector engagement, and foster innovations in the circular economy.