Architecture and Construction Technology

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A Framework for Deploying Joint Venture (Jv) Performance By Local Contracting Firms in Tanzania.
(Journal of the Institution of Engineers Tanzania, 2021-12-01) Mwishwa, Yazidi H. B.
Construction industry in Tanzania is plagued with poor project performance. The industry through the projects’ undertaking is continuing recording time overruns, cost overruns as well as dissatisfaction of the work quality. This problem is caused mainly by the incapability of the parties involved in the project pursuit. In last three decades, local firms were taking-up a project share by value ranged from 10% - 20% in 1998 against their foreign counterparts. Recently, this has improved to an average of 36.6% in 2017. Since the Joint Venture (JV) performance initiative is evidenced to yield positive results elsewhere (i.e. it has helped firms build their capabilities), but, this has not yet been sufficiently utilized in the Tanzanian context. This study investigates JV practices by the local firms, on the: awareness to the terminology, elements, motivation and obstacles of deploying it. Critical review work on JV was conducted; also questionnaire survey and interview were conducted in three regions in the country (covering Mbeya, Dar es Salaam and Geita) to solicit local firms’ JV performance issues. A response of fourteen firms (47%) was obtained and used. In results, the studied firms showed high level of awareness with the JV and its potentials as the majority of them (86%) agreed that it contributes to project performance and the firm’s growth. Respondents (82%) also showed they understand JV obstacles (factors) that hinder its implementation. In addition, respondents (84%) agreed on/understanding the factors that motivate firms to undertake JV. The factors that hinder JV project include: fearing involvements of new individuals to a JV firm, and difficulty to measure JV project, amongst others. Since the firms had shown high level of awareness with regard to JV facets, but some practiced it partially, and other did not deploy it; a framework was developed as guidance. It has five elements, firm: define its role/capability; prepare its readiness to conduct JV; assess JV facets; implement JV and continue measuring results and improve. Local firms are urged to use the proposed framework and benefit. In future studies, a framework should be validated and results measured for improvement. This study has implication to the local firms in Tanzania and to other firms in developing countries.
A Social Network-Based Examination on Bid Riggers’ Relationships in the Construction Industry: A Case Study of China
(MDPI, 2021) Xiao, Liang; Ye, Kunhui; Zhou, Junhong; Ye, Xiaoting; Tekka, Ramadhani S.
Collusive bidding has been an insidious issue in the construction industry. Bidders initiate collusive networks of various sizes to win market shares. The popularity of collusive bidding networks affects market fairness and erodes the interests of market players. Although considerable research efforts were made to diagnose collusive bidding networks, there remains a gap in knowledge regarding the relationships bid riggers use to engage in the networks. Therefore, this study used the social network method, where two hundred sixteen collusion cases were collected from China to test these relationships. The results show that collusive bidding networks were characterized by sparseness, a small scale, a high concentration, and strong randomness. Three types of collusive bidding networks were also detected: contractual, spontaneous, and shadow. Furthermore, these collusive bidding networks had discrepancies regarding participants’ identities, forms of collusive bids, and the determination of bid winners. It was found that the proposed social network model of deliberating bid riggers’ relationships lays a solid foundation for the detection of collusive bidding in the construction sector.
Assessing the Effect of Curricula Variation in Mathematics Teacher Education on Teaching Competency
(MUST Journal of Research and Development, 2023-12-05) Mgata, Fred; Kihwele, Jimmy E.
Curriculum development processes at universities are decentralised, resulting in varying subject-matter mastery levels among graduates. The paper examined the effect of teacher education curricula variation on mathematics teachers’ competencies. The study employed a case study design with 18 mathematics teacher graduates from nine teacher education institutions working in the Manyara region. The study used in-depth interviews, open-ended questionnaires, and documentary review methods to collect data. The findings revealed that despite mathematics teachers’ mastery of the subject matter, their competence slightly varied in some topics. There are mismatches between courses at different universities and topics in secondary schools that affect teaching competencies among teachers. Decentralised curriculum development at teacher training institutions results in dissonant curricula that produce different qualities in teachers. Despite various capacity-building mechanisms, teachers inadequately elevate their competencies. The study recommends the development of compulsory modules across teacher education institutions to reflect secondary curriculum requirements
Assessment of Building Elements to Conserve Early Urban Block of Dar es Salaam City Centre
(Mbeya University of Science and Technology, 2024-08-30) Choga , Kassim
Architectural styles have been maturing. This shift poses challenges to existing architectural facade refurbishment practices. This study evaluates building facade elements as well as their values in downtown Dar es Salaam. The evaluation includes the colonnade and arcades, arches, openings, roofs, and decorations. The study employs a qualitative method of inquiry. Through this method, Sokoine-drive stands as a case study location. Data collection involved interviews, questionnaires, photographs, sketches, and field observations. For the analysis, occurrence, convergence, and frequency are used. The analytical process aimed at capturing the values of building facade elements. The observation asserts that building facade elements are important in their contexts. Through their presence, city dwellers gained a better understanding and enjoyment of the city. This study recommends that the refurbishment of building facades should consider a balanced and inclusive design.
Can Pumice Support Structural Foundations?
(Mbeya University of Science and Technology, 2023-06-10) Lingwanda, Mwajuma Ibrahim
The current practice with regard to pumice soils is to remove them when encountered during excavation for the foundations of multi storey buildings. Consequently, foundations become unusually deep where pumice deposits are located near ground level and extend to a significant depth. The decision to avoid pumice as a foundation supporting soil is logical, although not supported by literature. The question of whether pumice can support structural foundations was triggered by observation of the current practice with regard to this unique geological material. The question was approached through a literature review that aimed to find out what is known so far about pumice, point out what should be known, and suggest what to do with regard to pumice as a foundational supporting material. It was revealed that pumice is abundant in many parts of the world and has peculiar characteristics in comparison to most geotechnical materials. Many studies are concerned with pumice as a building material applied in concrete manufacturing and block making, but not as a foundation supporting strata. Pumice materials are characterised by high porosity, low specific gravity, low strength, and high crushability. A limited number of studies have indicated that pumicious materials require special treatment in laboratory testing, insitu testing, and the interpretation of results. Insitu and laboratory tests on pumice materials were conducted in this study for the purpose of enriching the discussion. Further research is recommended in areas of characterisation, insitu testing, correlations between test results, and improvement of pumice materials for consideration as foundation-bearing strata.
COMMON FIXED POINT THEOREMS FOR INTERPOLATIVE RATIONAL-TYPE MAPPING IN COMPLEX-VALUED METRIC SPACE
(European Journal of Mathematics and Applications, 2024-04-15) WANGWE, LUCAS
This paper aims to demonstrate the common fixed point theorem for interpolative rational-type contraction mapping in complex-valued metric spaces. Also provide an example for verification of the proven results. Further, as an application, the paper proves the existence and uniqueness solution of the R 􀀀 L 􀀀 C differential equation.
Critical Analysis of Parking Systems and Their Economic Impact in Tanzania.
(MJRD, 2024-12-31) Kusyama, Sadiki Lameck,; Magemo, Award; Giga, Magreth
In nearly all large urban places on earth, parking has become an expensive resource in recent years, and its restricted supply is the simultaneous cause of urban traffic congestion and air pollution. The typical method for obtaining a parking spot in Tanzania is manual, in which the motorist typically discovers a spot in the city or on the street as a result of his or her experience or good fortune. This method requires a significant amount of time and effort, and in a city with a high car density, it could potentially lead to a situation where the motorist fails to find any parking spaces, thereby consuming a significant amount of time and fuel. Based on the additional features they may offer, the Innovative Scalable Smart Parking System (ISSPS), a component of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), gives rise to various parking facilities. The ISSPS should be able to work with many parking facility-related aspects in addition to managing the internal operations of the parking facility. This study critically analyzed the Smart Parking System (SPS) requirements and their economic impact in Tanzania by conducting a survey in three cities (Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, and Arusha). Purposive sampling methods were used to select the three cities due to their huge populations of motorists. Four hundred (400) respondents randomly selected from the three cities were involved using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered physically and online. Survey results prompted the conclusion that a secure, knowledgeable, effective, and dependable parking system is absolutely necessary for searching for vacant parking spaces, directing drivers to available spaces, negotiating parking rates, and managing parking spaces in an appropriate manner. The study reveals that inefficient parking systems contribute to significant economic losses through increased fuel consumption, increased time spending, increased air pollution, and negative impacts on urban mobility. The paper also discusses potential solutions and policy recommendations, including the adoption of modern parking technologies; improved urban planning; and enhanced regulatory measures to optimize parking management and alleviate congestion. This analysis underscores the need for a comprehensive reform of parking systems in Tanzania to support economic development, enhance urban mobility, and improve overall quality of life in rapidly growing cities.
Determination of Dynamic Cone Penetration Index (DCPI) of Borrow Pit Materials for Construction of Low Volume Roads in Dodoma Tanzania.
(MJRD, 2024-12-05) Lwanda, Vincent; Chengula, Duwa Hamisi; Lingwanda, Mwajuma Ibrahim
The study for determination of dynamic cone penetration index (DCPI) of borrow pit materials for construction of low-volume roads was conducted in the Dodoma region in Tanzania. Samples for tests were collected from five borrow pits, which are Nkulabi, Zuzu, Mahomanyika, Dinda, and Ntyuka. Results of plasticity indices were 14%, 11%, 10%, 16%, and 13% for Nkulabi, Zuzu, Mahomanyika, Dinda, and Ntyuka borrow pits, respectively. Results of grading coefficients and shrinkage products were 33.7 and 148.1 units for Nkulabi, 19.9 and 295.9 units for Zuzu, 32.3 and 56.0 units for Mahomanyika, 25.4 and 391.3 units for Dinda, and 32.8 and 111.2 units for Zuzu borrow pits, respectively. Results of dynamic cone penetration indices were 5.8 mm/blow, 5.2 mm/blow, 4.7 mm/blow, 6.0 mm/blow, and 4.5 mm/blow for Nkulabi, Zuzu, Mahomanyika, Dinda, and Ntyuka borrow pits, respectively. Specifications require DCPI values for the tested material not to exceed 5.69 mm/blow in order to be suitable for use as gravel-wearing course material. Therefore, these results indicate that materials from Zuzu, Mahomanyika, and Ntyuka borrow pits have satisfied the requirement and hence qualify to be used as gravel-wearing course material. However, materials from Dinda and Nkulabi borrow pits have DCPI values above the limiting value of 5.69 mm/blow, and therefore they did not meet strength requirements as gravel-wearing course material. Based on grading coefficient, shrinkage product, and strength parameters, which are used for the selection of suitable materials, only Zuzu borrow pit materials qualified for the construction of the gravel wearing course. Therefore, engineering properties of materials from Dinda, Mahomanyika, Nkulabi, and Ntyuka need to be improved through the blending process.
Development of Internet of Things-Based System for Monitoring and Controlling the Water Quality in Small-Scale Aquaculture
(MUST Journal of Research and Development, 2023) Nyoni, Abbas; Minga, Lusajo; Kusyama, Sadiki L.
Water quality is an essential factor for any successful aquaculture project. For high productivity from aquaculture, critical water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity, and turbidity must be kept in the optimum range. Temperature is the second-most critical water quality parameter after dissolved oxygen. Tropical fish prefer temperatures ranging from 250 c to 320 c. This study designed and implemented a system prototype for monitoring and controlling water temperature in an aquaculture environment based on the Internet of Things (IoT). The system comprises temperature sensors, a NodeMCU Esp8266 Microcontroller, a 2-channel relay switch, a liquid-crystal display, a cooling fan, a water heater, and a mobile application. The temperature sensor immersed in a fish pond collects the pond's temperature. The collected temperature data from fish ponds is sent to the microcontroller, a NodeMCU Esp8266, for processing and transmission to the cloud server. The Blynk Cloud IoT platform was used for data visualisation and controlling actuators. The system users could access data through the Blynk Mobile application installed on a smartphone. The system automatically switches ON the cooling fan to cool the water when the temperature is above 32o c and switches ON the water heater when the temperature is below 25o c. The system was tested both in the laboratory and in field to evaluate the system's performance in detecting pond temperature and data dissemination to the users. This study's findings have proved the system's capability in data acquisition with accuracy and efficiency. In addition, the results have shown that the system can effectively control pond temperature.
Effectiveness of Urban Land Development Control In Tanzania the Case of Mbeya City
(Ardhi University, 2017) John, Benjamin Mashalla
It is conceived that there are fairly adequate land development control instruments and regulations spearheading towards effective urban land developments in urbanizing areas of Tanzania. Yet there is visual evidence on the non-compliance to the governing legal framework when it is operationalized on ground. The urban authorities which act as custodians in all matters regarding urban land developments have proved a failure to accommodate the fast urban developments coupled with high urban population influx rate in urban centers. For instance in Tanzania there is a high rate of uncontrolled urban land developments in both planned and unplanned settlements within the jurisdiction of urban authorities. This study therefore seeks to investigate the performance of urban land development control measures in Tanzania amidst the presence of sound regulatory framework, programmes and projects focused at attaining sustainable and effective urban land developments in Tanzania. This study documents sensitive issues with the view of improving practical solutions to promote effective urban land development control in urban areas with a case study approach done in Mbeya city taking three units of analysis, two planned neighborhoods of Iwambi and Itezi and one old unplanned neighborhood of Iwambi. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection approach have been adopted, where most data taken and recorded from key informants are qualitative in nature. Moreover exclusive official interviews, questionnaires and field observations were instituted to supplement each other to achieve a sound data triangulation. Study findings show that there is ineffective urban land development control in Mbeya city due to poor institutional coordination, high building standards, bureaucratic logistics in issuance of construction permits, un-streamlined procedures on land delivery system, corrupt practices among vetted government officials, contradicting sections in enacted legislations, meagre resources towards implementation of effective urban land development control and unrealistic pace of the local governments in surveying and ultimately allocating planned and serviced plots amidst the unprecedented urban population growth
Fixed point theorems for generalized interpolative non expansive mappings in CATp(0) metric spaces
(2024-05-03) Wangwe, Lucas
This paper aims to prove xed point theorems for generalized interpolative non expansive mappings in CATp(0) metric spaces. Also provide a constructive example to support the proven results. The results proved here will be illustrated with an application to Hopf Bifurcations in a Delayed-Energy Based Model of Capital Accumulation.
Folk Development Colleges (FDCs) The Source of Skilled Construction Industry Workforce Dynamic Demands.
(IJSSRR, 2024-10) Tekka, Ramadhani, S.; Sulayman, Jannat H.I.
Folk Development Colleges (FDCs) are community- based education system established in 1975 to stress the commitments to youth and thus national development. The youth's state, position, and prospects are paramount and fundamental for the nation development to lower-middle-income and developing country like Tanzania that should not be neglected as a group that symbolize and represent a remarkable potential cluster within our societies and acts as a latent human capital resource to various production areas including the construction industry. Notwithstanding their significant importance, the effects of technological development and global business competition have left much youth even in Tanzania suffering from high unemployment records which marks the severe and challenging thought in getting a well-founded and stable foothold into the labor market. Despite unemployment states the construction industry in Tanzania is still under pressure to find the potential knowledgeable, skilled and experienced youths to undertake charges to fill the gap of skilled workforce shortages in the industry. Towards this end, this study aims to examine whether the FDES have a significant effect in producing the skilled workforce to meet the dynamic demands of the construction industry job market and hence reducing the construction workforce shortages. One hundred and three (103) respondents were purposely sampled with both qualitative and quantitative methods involved through questionnaires, in-depth face-to face and telephone interview for data collection. Using factor analysis, seventeen effects of FDES to meet the construction industry job market demand were identified through a comprehensive literature review; then, RII (relative importance index) were used to identify the perception gaps among stakeholders and obtaining eleven potential effects upon analysing online survey data. The findings show that FDES have a substantive contribution in imparting knowledge, skills and competence to help in reducing the construction workforce shortages within the Tanzania Construction Industry. Moreover, the results have documented an increased number of enrolment and programs that can help to promote self-employment, enhance reduction of skilled labor shortages in the construction industry and cater the dynamic demands of the construction industry job market.
Housing Transformation in Informal Settlements as a Supply Strategy for Higher Learning Students Housing: Spatial Quality Analysis, the Case of Mbeya.
(Ardhi University, 2018) Kashula, Arnold Kaijage
The study is aimed at investigating on how housing transformation in informal settlements to accommodate higher learning students is done in Mbeya and to analyse spatial qualities of housing transformation in informal settlements for higher learning students accommodation. To test the objectives, two case studies were selected namely; Ikuti and Mwakibete Viwandani which are two informal settlements located near MUST in Iyunga; and TEKU in Mwakibete area respectively. The study employed interviews to different stakeholders, literature riview, observation, physical measurements, and photographs as instruments of data collecting primary and secondary data. The study has revealed that, the increase in admission of higher learning students has resulted into the incapacity of the higher learning institutions and formal housing to supply accommodation to all of the admitted students. Thus, the students have been inmigrating in informal settlements located near higher learning institutions. Landlords in the informal settlements are remodifying their houses in order to respond to the situation. However, higher learning students have been facing challenges including lack of privacy, overcrowding, insecurity, unhygienic sanitation and inadequate management of solid waste disposals. This is due to the fact that the issue of housing transformation in informal settlement to accommodate higher learning students is not adressed in current policies and regulatory framework. Further, participation of key stakeholders to monitor the quality of housing transformation to accommodate higher learning students has been negligible. The study concludes that housing transformation in informal settlements is a vital housing strategy for accommodating higher learning students. Thus, it recommends adequate involvement of different institutions and stakeholders in order to make sure that commendable spatial qualities for higher learning students are achieved through the process of the housing transformation in informal settlements.
Housing Transformation in Informal Settlements as a Supply Strategy for Higher Learning Students Housing: Spatial Quality Analysis: The Case of Mbeya
(Ardhi University, 2018) Kashula, Arnold. Kaijage
The study is aimed at investigating on how housing transformation in informal settlements to accommodate higher learning students is done in Mbeya and to analyse spatial qualities of housing transformation in informal settlements for higher learning students accommodation. To test the objectives, two case studies were selected namely; Ikuti and Mwakibete Viwandani which are two informal settlements located near MUST in Iyunga; and TEKU in Mwakibete area respectively. The study employed interviews to different stakeholders, literature riview, observation, physical measurements, and photographs as instruments of data collecting primary and secondary data. The study has revealed that, the increase in admission of higher learning students has resulted into the incapacity of the higher learning institutions and formal housing to supply accommodation to all of the admitted students. Thus, the students have been inmigrating in informal settlements located near higher learning institutions. Landlords in the informal settlements are remodifying their houses in order to respond to the situation. However, higher learning students have been facing challenges including lack of privacy, overcrowding, insecurity, unhygienic sanitation and inadequate management of solid waste disposals. This is due to the fact that the issue of housing transformation in informal settlement to accommodate higher learning students is not adressed in current policies and regulatory framework. Further, participation of key stakeholders to monitor the quality of housing transformation to accommodate higher learning students has been negligible. The study concludes that housing transformation in informal settlements is a vital housing strategy for accommodating higher learning students. Thus, it recommends adequate involvement of different institutions and stakeholders in order to make sure that commandable spatial qualities for higher learning students are achieved through the process of the housing tranformation in informal settlements.
Influential Factors for Undertaking BPR on Construction Industry to Improve Contractors Performance in Tanzania
(Mbeya University of Science and Technology, 2021-08-31) Tekka, Ramadhani Said
The construction business in Tanzania has been acknowledged to face an increased competition resulting from globalization. Correspondingly, the construction business has occupied incredibly & everlasting challenges flabbergasted with time & cost overrun, insignificant quality, poor safety, and ecological unsustainability leading to inadequate general performance. The challenges have compelled most construction firms to become innovative to redesign the business and adopt the change approaches. The innovation approach has established and engaged the extra efforts and a persistent follow-up to attain the practicable and worthwhile resolution. Business Process Reengineering (BPR) has been touted as a propitious strategic management practice and a management change approach for attracting, elevating the competences & efficiencies, bringing great solutions and gaining a competitive advantage for construction business dramatic improvement. An exhaustive literature review, an in-depth interview, and a descriptive quantitative research tactic were assumed for this study to gather an opinion from 202 experienced experts that helped to attain the findings. SPSS-AMOS software was applied during data analysis to obtain the descriptive, inferential statistics and a structural model as findings to support the study conclusion. However, the identified BPR factors could help provide alternative thinking of influencing undertaking BPR on the construction industry to improve construction business performance in Tanzania.
Review of Key Performance Factors in Implementing Public Construction Projects Using Force Account Method in Tanzania
(Mbeya University of science and Technology, 2025-03-01) Magania, Faraji M.; Tekka, Ramadhani S; Chengula, Duwa H.
The Force Account Method [FAM] has been effectively used in public construction projects since 2016, offering advantages such as lowering costs and creating job opportunities. However, the use of FAM in public construction projects in Tanzania is still facing difficulties in realising its full potential. This study aimed at reviewing relevant literature to identify key performance factors that could help to improve the effective use of FAM in implementing public building construction projects, focusing on phases of the construction process. Reputable databases such as DOAJ, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar and keywords such as force account, performance factors, and public construction management were used to search the relevant articles. From the search, a total of 40 out of 85 research articles published on the topic under investigation were evaluated. Findings indicate that the most significant performance factors of public construction projects using FAM are effective project planning, adequate project design, appropriate procurement management, effective construction supervision, competence of project participants, and support from the government. These factors are interrelated and essential for ensuring the effective implementation of public construction projects using the force account method. Moreover, results suggest that there is a need to create a framework to better manage the execution of construction projects using the force account method. This would help engineers, quantity surveyors, architects, academicians, researchers, and policymakers in the construction industry to enhance the use of the Force Account Method in public construction projects.
The Impacts of Bullwhip Effects on Supply Chain and Construction Project’s Performance.
(MUST Journal of Research and Development (MJRD), 2024-12-31) Tekka, Ramadhan Said
Today’s construction businesses have been characterized by the use of science and technology in operation and huge competitiveness resulting from the effect of globalization that has necessitated a free business market environment beyond borders. The situation has forced even local construction firms to struggle to find an alternative to reduce the increasingly overwhelming challenges resulting from increased client demands and desires. The bullwhip effect is among the identified challenges that affect supply chain management throughout the construction projects. The bullwhip effect is the phenomenon that shows how the small changes at the demand end of a supply chain are progressively amplified for operations further back in the chain. As a result, this study aims to investigate the impact of bullwhip effects on construction projects and supply chain performance. Eighty-two (82) respondents were randomly selected from road construction projects in Tanzania, where the supply chain is well practiced. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and descriptively analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS-24) to obtain the statistical information presented using descriptive information such as frequencies and percentages. The study's findings have identified nine bullwhip effect causes and eleven bullwhip effects that significantly and positively influence the supply chain performance of construction projects. Therefore, the findings recommend that the bullwhip effects, which pose challenges to both the construction firm and the sector as a whole, should not be ignored. However, the study suggests that further research is necessary to determine the role, necessity, and impact of technology within a construction supply chain, particularly in terms of its potential to mitigate the bullwhip effect.
Towards Addressing Challenges of Achieving Force Account Targets in Tanzania: The Case of Construction Projects Supervised by the Mbeya University of Science and Technology Consultancy Bureau
(MUST Journal of Research and Development, 2023-12-05) Massawe, Justus
With three main objectives in mind: cost reduction, a shortened timeline, and higher quality, Political influence has used the force account technique extensively in Tanzania since 2016. This led to a range of procurement-related force account difficulties for the public in construction projects. By identifying the obstacles to force account targets and offering solutions that could help to enhance all construction projects in Tanzania that would utilise the force account mechanism, this study sought to strengthen the implementation of construction projects utilising the force account mechanism. The study used a cross-sectional survey research design and a sample of 98 respondents from the Mbeya, Songwe, and Njombe regions of the southern highlands. Construction projects were carried out in these areas using the force account system run by MUST or in coordination with its co-company, MCB. The study's data was gathered through surveys, an interviewing guide, and observations. The validity and reliability of each variable construct in the questionnaires were assessed, and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was employed to gauge the strength of the linear relationship between the study variables (r). The study also acknowledges that if the highlighted concerns are remedied, the method can contribute to the improvement of construction projects. The difficulties that prevent the implementation of force account mechanisms in construction projects include time-consuming hidden costs, the requirement for strict oversight of local funds, a lack of commitment among committee members, political influence, a lack of allowance for committee members, and poor estimation of committee members. The force account system inside the government public procurement legal framework has been found to have a positive and substantial influence on cost reduction, quality enhancement, and adherence to time management. This, in turn, will yield advantageous outcomes for building projects. It is advisable to allocate more resources towards enhancing the execution of building projects in the public sector by employing force account procedures. This approach aims to enhance the performance of public procurement and bolster institutional effectiveness.
Tracing the Implementation of Pedestrianization Schemes for Enhancing Accessibility and Mobility: A Case of Kariakoo, Dar es Salaam City in Tanzania
(2025-02-27) KIMIRO, ABOUBAKARY SAID; BABERE, NELLY JOHN
Pedestrianization schemes were introduced to improve pedestrians' safety and mobility by creating a friendly walking environment, resulting in a sense of belonging for pedestrians within the inner cities. Effective implementation of pedestrianization streets, especially in developed countries, is reported to reduce accidents and ease movement in an urban environment. However, it seems to be different in developing countries where pedestrianization schemes are not well implemented; therefore, the intended goals of their introduction are not attained. This study investigates the implementation of pedestrianization schemes (pedestrian malls and one-way streets) aimed at better accessibility and mobility. Moreover, it examines the challenges facing the implementation of pedestrianization schemes. The study was conducted in five pedestrianized streets (2 pedestrian threes and three one-way streets) in the Kariakoo area. The qualitative approach was employed and methods used in data collection were interviews with officials and 30 pedestrians per street, mapping and observation. Pedestrian malls function as part-time pedestrian streets, which allow vehicular traffic with less than 3 tonnes to the road after 7:00 p.m.; on-street parking is restricted too, but loading and unloading activities are permitted. One-way streets function as shared streets where pedestrians and vehicular traffic share the space, with on-site parking. Hence, pedestrians continue suffering when accessing and moving within pedestrianized streets
Validation of the Developed Structural Equation Model on Factors Influencing Artisans' Performance in Tanzanian Building Construction Projects
(Mbeya University of Science and Technology, 2023-12-02) Shengeza,J; Msambichaka, J
Artisans are key players in the construction industry. Artisans, in conjunction with other players, are responsible for turning drawings into tangible structures using materials and equipment. However, several reports suggest that their performance is inadequate, attributing it to poor workmanship and productivity. This study explores the Influencing Factors (IFs) for artisan performance and how disregarding these IFs leads to poor performance through the development of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The study focuses on validating the developed SEM on IFs categorised as Informal Training Factors (IF), Motivational Factors (MF), Qualification Factors (QF), and Formal Training Factors (FF) and their impacts regarding achievements of workmanship and productivity by artisans when disregarded. The study validates the SEM model using a questionnaire distributed among construction industry experts. The study results demonstrate that disregarding IFs has a high, negative impact on artisan performance. Specifically, IF was found to have the most significant effect on artisan performance when ignored, with a mean score of 4.09, followed by MF = 4.00, Q = 3.82, and FF = 3.55. In the case of the model's applicability, effectiveness, and adaptability, the mean scores were 4.00, 3.55, and 3.45, respectively, indicating that the construct depicted in the model is highly applicable. The study concludes that considering IFs for artisan performance is crucial for addressing the root causes of poor performance and improving project success in the construction industry.

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