Theses and Dissertations

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A Model For Undertaking Business Process Re-Engineering (BPR) To Improve Construction Project Performance In Tanzania
(University of Dar es Salaam, 2019-03-01) Mwishwa, Yazidi Hassan Bakari
The performance of construction projects in Tanzania is commonly plagued with time overrun, cost overrun and poor quality. These problems are deeply rooted in weaknesses of project processes. This thesis improves the project processes and project performance through BPR philosophy. The BPR model was developed based on the concepts of process performance measurement and BPR philosophy. Data used to develop the model was obtained through interviews and questionnaire surveys from 33 selected organizations. Data from a case study of a road construction project together with the critical comparative analysis of a BPR model against other models were used to validate the model. The dimensions of the developed model include: BPR foundation; Understand Current Process; Weaknesses of Current Processes; Desired (To-Be) Processes and Continuous Improvement. The model considers design, procurement and construction management as core project processes. The Model also analyzed indicators for identifying weaknesses and for driving improvement. The thesis has established forty (40) indicators to identify process weaknesses and fourteen measures to identify desired project process. With regard to strategies to enable continuous improvement, the study proposes continuous learning, benchmarking, use of IT technology, plan resources and adopt Capability Maturity Model. Model was validated to identify weaknesses, identify desired (To-Be) process, enable improved project processes, identified weaknesses of traditional processes and compared with the other models. The study concludes that forty established indicators are appropriate to identify process weaknesses; fourteen measures are useful to design To-Be process. They can be deployed through using of the proposed strategies for improvement. Suggestion is made for each contracting party in the country to use the model to undertake BPR to improve
Urban Form Through Adaptation of Informal Spatial Dynamics
(Liombo, Emmanuel John, 2025-11-30) Liombo, Emmanuel John
This study analyses the informal processes of production of dwelling spaces to capture inherent dynamics governing the rationality of the process, the way the government adapt the informal spatial dynamics, and the essence and the impacts of adaptation attempts on resulting urban forms by drawing on a case study of Kilungule "A" and Mamboleo "B" informal urban residential neighbourhoods in the rapidly urbanizing city of Dar es Salaam. The interest in this study stems from modern global policies for inclusive and sustainable cities, that are pushing governments to adapt some traditions of informal space production without compromising the resilience of the resulting urban spaces - a situation that continues to challenge the formal traditions of space production. Further, though some studies on informality have taken place and produced valuable insights, they have rarely discussed the aspect of informal spatial dynamics, their adaptation and the impacts on urban forms, which is the focus of this study. The research methodology involved a mixed method where the data collection tools included questionnaires, interviews, document analysis, map-reading and physical observations. Cultural- Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) was used to organize the information collected, illuminate the contradictions in the activity systems and guide analysis of the activities to gain their significance in the production of urban dwelling spaces. The Systems Evaluation Theory was involved in evaluating the informal spatial dynamics adaptation systems to determine their efficiency, effectiveness and impacts on urban forms. Snowball and purposive sampling techniques were involved in selecting the respondents, with the first being used to determine the individual dwelling owners and the private sector practitioners while the latter choosing the public sector urban planning officials. The study established that the dynamic structures are crucial to the survival of the informal dwellers as they were observed to provide a fertile ground for the survival of the informal processes of production of space together with their associated spaces. The flexibility and adaptability of resulting spaces and dwellings were observed to support the socio-economic realities of most urban dwellers. The ability of spaces to adapt quickly to changing situations makes their urban forms resilient. The study concludes that the understanding of the dynamics and rules governing spatial changes in informal urban spaces is critical to achieving complex urban spaces and successful spatial interventions in informal urban areas.
EFFECTIVENESS OF URBAN LAND DEVELOPMENT CONTROL IN TANZANIA
(Bern Convention,, 2017-11-05) John, Benjamin Mashalla
It is conceived that there are fairly adequate land development control instruments and regulations spearheading towards effective urban land developments in urbanizing areas of Tanzania. Yet there is visual evidence on the non-compliance to the governing legal framework when it is operationalized on ground. The urban authorities which act as custodians in all matters regarding urban land developments have proved a failure to accommodate the fast urban developments coupled with high urban population influx rate in urban centres. For instance in Tanzania there is a high rate of uncontrolled urban land developments in both planned and unplanned settlements within the jurisdiction of urban authorities. This study therefore seeks to investigate the performance of urban land development control measures in Tanzania amidst the presence of sound regulatory framework, programmes and projects focused at attaining sustainable and effective urban land developments in Tanzania. This study documents sensitive issues with the view of improving practical solutions to promote effective urban land development control in urban areas with a case study approach done in Mbeya city taking three units of analysis, two planned neighbourhoods of Iwambi and Itezi and one old unplanned neighbourhood of Iwambi. Both qualitative and quantitative data collection approach have been adopted, where most data taken and recorded from key informants are qualitative in nature. Moreover exclusive official interviews, questionnaires and field observations were instituted to supplement each other to achieve a sound data triangulation. Study findings show that there is ineffective urban land development control in Mbeya city due to poor institutional coordination, high building standards, bureaucratic logistics in issuance of construction permits, un-streamlined procedures on land delivery system, corrupt practices among vetted government officials, contradicting sections in enacted legislations, meagre resources towards implementation of effective urban land development control and unrealistic pace of the local governments in surveying and ultimately allocating planned and serviced plots amidst the unprecedented urban population growth.
A Framework of Strategies to Reduce Road Construction Projects’ Delay in Tanzania: a Case of Tarura Road Projects
(Mbeya University of Science and Technology, 2025-08) Gabriel, Seperatus
The construction industry is globally recognised as one of the fastest-growing sectors, contributing directly and indirectly to the development of several other sectors of the economy. Despite its significant importance, and based on persistent reasons, the industry has often been overwhelmed with various challenges, including the inability to finish the road construction projects within a given schedule. This study aimed to examine the stakeholder’s perception of prevailing best practice measures to reduce construction project delays in Tanzania. The study adopted the questionnaire tool and the survey interview to collect the respondent’s opinion from 208 respondents having experience of more than five years obtained through purposive sampling. The mean scores and the relative importance index (RII) of the data were computed using the SPSS 24 tool to obtain the descriptive information and inferential statistics. The findings have revealed ten potential factors for construction project delays and thirteen best practices that, whenever implemented, can assist in minimising delays. Moreover, the identified best practice measures were categorized in clusters to indicate the project participant who plays the significant role in minimising the delays. Furthermore, the findings acknowledged strategies were categorised in six clusters, namely effective project management, procurement and supply, resource adequacy (monetary or financial), design or technical, information and communication, and external strategies. The current study proposes future research to focus on identifying the relationship between the strategic cluster categories in recognising which cluster category correlates highly towards minimising the construction project delays.
Evaluation of key performance factors of public building construction projects under the force account method: A case study of projects implemented by Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST)
(Mbeya University of Science and Technology, 2025-12-01) Magania,M Faraji
This study evaluated the key performance factors influencing the successful implementation of public construction projects using the Force Account Method (FAM) in Tanzania. With FAM increasingly adopted for its cost-saving potential and operational flexibility, the research aimed to assess its effectiveness through a systematic analysis of contributing factors. A mixed-methods approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques, was employed. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and document reviews and they were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis with the aid of IBM SPSS version 27 and SMART PLC version 4. The study engaged 128 stakeholders, including personnel from implementation agencies, contractors, consultants, local funders, and regulatory authorities. The findings identified six critical performance factors necessary for the effective implementation of FAM projects: effective planning, sound project design, efficient procurement processes, quality supervision, competence and adequacy of project staff, and strong leadership and government support. Analysis of stakeholder awareness revealed a general rejection of the notion that FAM should be applied in projects where the scope cannot be defined in advance (mean = 2.88), indicating a preference for clearer project definitions. The study further revealed strong consensus among stakeholders on the significance of the identified factors, with no statistically significant differences in perceptions across stakeholder groups, as all significance levels were below 0.05. Reliability analysis showed Cronbach’s Alpha values above 0.7 for all variables, and all path relationships yielded p-values below 0.01, confirming statistical significance at the 99% confidence level. The study suggests that the success of FAM depends on the integration of six identified factors, with weaknesses in one area potentially impacting overall performance. It recommends a systematic approach to project execution, involving professional consultants and a unified framework. Recommendations include revising FAM guidelines, investing in personnel training, and researching technology to enhance efficiency in public projects. These findings are particularly relevant for government ministries and local authorities overseeing infrastructure development.
Tracing the Implementation of Pedestrianization Schemes for Enhancing Accessibility and Mobility: A Case of Kariakoo, Dar es Salaam City in Tanzania
(2025-02-27) KIMIRO, ABOUBAKARY SAID; BABERE, NELLY JOHN
Pedestrianization schemes were introduced to improve pedestrians' safety and mobility by creating a friendly walking environment, resulting in a sense of belonging for pedestrians within the inner cities. Effective implementation of pedestrianization streets, especially in developed countries, is reported to reduce accidents and ease movement in an urban environment. However, it seems to be different in developing countries where pedestrianization schemes are not well implemented; therefore, the intended goals of their introduction are not attained. This study investigates the implementation of pedestrianization schemes (pedestrian malls and one-way streets) aimed at better accessibility and mobility. Moreover, it examines the challenges facing the implementation of pedestrianization schemes. The study was conducted in five pedestrianized streets (2 pedestrian threes and three one-way streets) in the Kariakoo area. The qualitative approach was employed and methods used in data collection were interviews with officials and 30 pedestrians per street, mapping and observation. Pedestrian malls function as part-time pedestrian streets, which allow vehicular traffic with less than 3 tonnes to the road after 7:00 p.m.; on-street parking is restricted too, but loading and unloading activities are permitted. One-way streets function as shared streets where pedestrians and vehicular traffic share the space, with on-site parking. Hence, pedestrians continue suffering when accessing and moving within pedestrianized streets
Housing Transformation in Informal Settlements as a Supply Strategy for Higher Learning Students Housing: Spatial Quality Analysis, the Case of Mbeya.
(Ardhi University, 2018) Kashula, Arnold Kaijage
The study is aimed at investigating on how housing transformation in informal settlements to accommodate higher learning students is done in Mbeya and to analyse spatial qualities of housing transformation in informal settlements for higher learning students accommodation. To test the objectives, two case studies were selected namely; Ikuti and Mwakibete Viwandani which are two informal settlements located near MUST in Iyunga; and TEKU in Mwakibete area respectively. The study employed interviews to different stakeholders, literature riview, observation, physical measurements, and photographs as instruments of data collecting primary and secondary data. The study has revealed that, the increase in admission of higher learning students has resulted into the incapacity of the higher learning institutions and formal housing to supply accommodation to all of the admitted students. Thus, the students have been inmigrating in informal settlements located near higher learning institutions. Landlords in the informal settlements are remodifying their houses in order to respond to the situation. However, higher learning students have been facing challenges including lack of privacy, overcrowding, insecurity, unhygienic sanitation and inadequate management of solid waste disposals. This is due to the fact that the issue of housing transformation in informal settlement to accommodate higher learning students is not adressed in current policies and regulatory framework. Further, participation of key stakeholders to monitor the quality of housing transformation to accommodate higher learning students has been negligible. The study concludes that housing transformation in informal settlements is a vital housing strategy for accommodating higher learning students. Thus, it recommends adequate involvement of different institutions and stakeholders in order to make sure that commendable spatial qualities for higher learning students are achieved through the process of the housing transformation in informal settlements.

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