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Item The Linguistic Impact of Kiswahili on Kinga Language in Makete District(Ruaha Catholic University, 2018) Mbilinyi, ObadiaThis study is about the impact of Kiswahili on Kikinga language as the result of their contact. The objective is to identify lexical impact of Kiswahili on Kikinga, to find out morphophonological processes emerging as a result of the contact and to identify semantic impact resulted by the contact. The study gives answers to questions such as; which lexical impact does Kiswahili cause? What morphophonological processes affect Kikinga borrowed word? And which semantic impact does Kiswahili have on Kikinga? The study used a constructivism paradigm. Approaches used were the qualitative approach and a quantitative approach. The study used a descriptive design. The sampling techniques used were probability and non-probability sampling. Research instruments used in the study were interview and documentary review. The study identified some morphophonological processes such as epenthesis, prosthesis, vowel lengthening, consonant substitution, consonant strengthening, devoicing, deletion, assimilation and vowel substitution. The study unveiled that the contact between Kiswahili and Kikinga had impact on the lexicon of Kikinga, In all categories of words grouped by the study there were intrusion of Kiswahili lexicon into Kikinga, in here, the shift stood usual (unmarked) because Kiswahili lexicon seemed to be easily adopted by native speakers of Kikinga. The findings showed that the contact between Kikinga and Kiswahili caused various morphophonological processes such as epenthesis, prosthesis, vowel lengthening, consonant substitution, consonant strengthening, devoicing, deletion, assimilation and vowel substitution. The contact was also found to have semantic impact where new lexical items with new concepts were brought to Kikinga. Such new concepts were found to exist in the fields of religion (specifically Christianity), education, agriculture, and transport, clothing and home utensils. Other semantic aspects which arose were the changes of meanings and extension of meanings. The study convincingly found that Kikinga native speakers are shifting to Kiswahili. The new generation of the Kinga is likely to have many youths whose first language is no longer Kikinga but Kiswahili. The study finally recommends further studies to be conducted to see the danger in which native languages are in as a result of their contact with Kiswahili.Item Implementation of Learner-Centered Approach Among Teachers in Ordinary Level Secondary Schools in Tanzania a Case of Mbinga District Council(Mbeya University of Science and Technology, 2018) Daliko Cosmas MhuleThis study aimed to explore the implementation of Learner-Centred Approach (LCA) among teachers in ordinary level secondary schools in Tanzania. The specific objectives were: to find out the teachers’ understanding on LCA, to explore how teachers practice LCA, to determine facilities for the implementation of LCA and to assess the administrative support for effective implementation of LCA. Constructivism theory and holistic case study design were employed in the study where qualitative approach was largely used but supplemented by quantitative approach through which qualitative and quantitative data were gathered. The 80 respondents for the study were purposeful and voluntarily sampled from four ordinary level secondary schools in Mbinga District Council comprising 4 school heads, 20 teachers and 56 students. Data collection instruments used include questionnaires, semi-structured interview, observation and documentary review from which qualitative data were analysed through content analysis by the aid of ATLAS Ti 7 while quantitative data were analysed by SPSS version 20. Findings were presented in tables, charts and statements. The study found that LCA is partially implemented in schools due to some constraints including shortage of teachers, inadequacy teaching and learning resources and infrastructures, large number of students in classes, lack of training among teachers on curricula change, language barrier and lack of awareness on education among students. Regarding the findings, the study recommends to the central government and various stakeholders to emphasize, monitor and evaluate the implementation of LCA, increase of resources in schools, involve teachers in curricula development and changes, and foster health community-school linkage for the success of LCA in schoolsItem Analysis of Kick Detection Methods in the Light of Actual Blowout Disasters.(Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2017) Lindi, OltingeyKicks or formation fluid influxes pose persistent challenges and operational costs during drilling, workover, completion and sometimes after temporary abandonment operations. Despite of presence of variety of kick detection methods, oil and gas wells still experience undetected kicks and detected kicks which sometimes becomes uncontrolled and results into blowout. Kicks that evolved into blowout stage cost billions of dollars, human lives and damage to the environment. For instance Macondo well incident that occurred in 2010 cost about $40 billion and 11 fatalities, Piper alpha in north sea that occurred in 1988 cost about $3.4 billion and 167 fatalities, and Petrobras 36, Brazil, that occurred in 2001 cost about $350 million and 11 fatalities (Tabibzadeh & Meshkati, 2014a). So it’s better to incur cost to detect and control kicks rather than healing its consequences. The available methods for kick detection has its strength and weaknesses. These weaknesses give a loop for kicks to flow to surface undetected and hence it might bring about blowout disasters. Therefore the main goal of this thesis will be to analyse kick detection methods to recognise the loop holes for the occurrence of blowout disasters and suggest the means of improvement. The critical evaluation will be based on blowout cases selected which occurred due to late or failed kick detection. Therefore earlier kick identification and controlling is crucial for the development of petroleum industry in general but in particular avoidance of blowouts. The mains causes of blowouts has been categorized into human errors, technological deficiencies, cost cutting and kick detection techniques problems Conclusion from this thesis suggests the extension of kick detection method beyond drilling operations to the completion, workover or completion operations and establishment of advisory program that could automatically be advising the crew working in the rig is paramount. This will enable quick decision making. Also advisory program will reduce the probability of human errors occurrence that leads to blowout. Apart from advisory program also change in mud returning volume method could be developed into sensors that can be used beyond drilling operations