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Item Development and Rapid Assessment of Community-Based Health Education Package for the Control of Taenia Solium Taeniasis/Cysticercosis in Tanzania.(Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2026-07) Nyangi, Chacha; Mkupasi, Ernatus Martin; Mahonge, Christopher; Churi, Ayubu Jacob; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Ngowi, Helena AminielBackground: We conducted this study to develop and rapidly assess a community-based health education package (CHEP) to serve as a guide to improving knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) for controlling T. solium cysticercosis Taeniasis (TSCT) in endemic areas in Tanzania. Methods: Data for the development of the (CHEP) was collected through a questionnaire and observation of household infrastructure. We conducted and analyzed 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) and 38 key informant interviews (KIIs) using ATLAS.ti 8. A household survey using a questionnaire was conducted on 480 respondents and analyzed using SPSS by conducting a chi-square test. Results: The developed CHEP included the following key messages: (1) improving knowledge and attitudes towards TSCT transmission, causes, health effects, treatment, and control measures, (2) proper pork preparation and general food handling practices, (3) good pig husbandry practices, and (4) improving water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices. The CHEP developed comprises a Training of Trainers (TOT) manual, a leaflet/brochure, a poster, and a handbook. The results from the rapid assessment reported a statistically significant improvement in knowledge regarding the link between epilepsy and cysticercosis (p<0.001) and in the practice of washing fruits and vegetables (p=0.025). Conclusion: Therefore, it is recommended that critical stakeholders conduct one health approach toward implementing CHEP in areas affected by TSCT to control the disease.Item Modeling the implications of seasonality and heterogeneous mean worm burden in Guinea-worm disease dynamics in dog population(Elsevier, 2025-05-26) Lusekelo, Eva; Daudi, Salamida; Helikumi, Mlyashimbi; Mushayabasa, SteadyPrior to 2012, it was believed that only humans could host Guinea-worm disease. Recent findings show that dogs also act as hosts. With the 2030 goal for eradicating Guinea-worm approaching, understanding dogs’ roles is crucial. We develop a mathematical model to study seasonal Guinea-worm disease, focusing on dogs as primary hosts, given the low human cases. Our model includes seasonal variations, as previous studies indicate that disease prevalence is linked to seasonal fisheries. We also categorize infectious dogs based on their average worm burden. Our analysis examines how dog screening and tethering influence disease dynamics. Results indicate that both strategies can lower disease transmission. However, they may not be enough for total eradication on their own. Therefore, we suggest combining these methods with additional actions, like dog culling, to improve disease control.Item Comparative Epidemiological Analysis of the 2023 and 2025 Marburg Virus Disease Outbreaks in Kagera Region, Tanzania(Elsevier., 2025-11-25) Rugarabamu, Sima; Ngingo,Baraka L.; Kemibala,Elison E.; Mwanyika,GasparyMarburg Virus Disease (MVD) is a severe zoonotic hemorrhagic fever with high case fatality rates (CFR). Tanzania's Kagera region experienced MVD outbreaks in 2023 and 2025, offering critical insights into evolving epidemiological trends and the effectiveness of response strategies. This study compares these outbreaks to inform future preparedness.Item Impact of Health Education Interventions for Control of Taenia solium Cysticercosis/Taeniasis in Endemic Countries: A Systematic Review(Wiley, 2025-10-08) Nyangi,Chacha; Mkupasi, Ernatus Martin .; Ngowi, Helena Aminiel; Mahonge,Christopher; Winkler, Andrea SylviaDespite some control efforts, Taenia solium cysticercosis/taeniasis (TSCT) remains widespread in many low-income countries across sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Asia. With increased global interaction, the risk of infection also rises in highincome countries (HICs) and middle-income countries (MICs). Community knowledge and awareness are crucial to influence behavioural change and thus aid in controlling the parasite. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of health education interventions in managing TSCT to inform future disease control strategies. Papers published up to June 2024 were searched through PubMed and Google search engines. Studies evaluating interventions involving health education aimed at improving knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) to alter behavioural responses regarding TSCT were included. Initially, 392 studies were identified, with 21 publications ultimately included in this review. Although behavioural changes and reductions in disease prevalence were challenging to evaluate across the 21 studies, most concluded that health education, developed with community participation, enhanced KAPs, modified behaviour and reduced disease prevalence in the short term.Item Quantifying the Public Health Effects of Vaccine Hesitancy and Delays in Screening Clinically Infected Patients: Insights From a COVID-19 Transmission Model(IJMSO, 2025-09-20) Lolika, Paride O.; Helikumi, Mlyashimbi; Sube, Kenneth; Mushayabasa, SteadyMotivated by the recent COVID-19 outbreak, we develop a time delay infectious disease model that incorporates vaccination and screening of clinically infected patients and calibrate it using Chinese data to understand the quantitative implications of vaccine hesitancy and delay in the screening of clinically infected patients. Vaccine hesitancy refers to the denial or delay in acceptance of vaccines despite their availability. Understanding the implications of vaccine hesitancy is therefore essential for designing public health interventions. Analysis of the model revealed that whenever R0 ≤ 1, there exists a globally asymptotically disease-free equilibrium. However, whenever R0 > 1, there exists a unique endemic equilibrium which is globally asymptotically stable. In addition, results also show that vaccine hesitancy and delay in hospitalizing clinically infected patients have a stronger impact on the deaths toll and new infections generated [1,2]. Vaccine hesitancy and delayed screening of clinically infected patients lead to harmonic oscillations in deaths and new cases, which, however, die out over time. Our findings underscore the importance of including vaccine hesitancy and delay in hospitalizing clinically infected patients in the design of control strategies for infectious diseases.Item Optimal Control Applied to a Dengue Model Incorporating Symptomatic, Asymptomatic, and Severe Cases With Limited Healthcare Resource(Elsevier, 2025-10-14) Daudi, Salamida; Lusekelo, Eva; Helikumi, Mlyashimbi; Mushayabasa, Steadydengue clinical manifestations and the insufficiency of public health infrastructure are not well understood. Accounting for these factors provides valuable insights for the effective management of the disease. This study develops a novel mathematical model for dengue fever that incorporates various clinical manifestations, constraints imposed by limited medical resources, and preventive control strategies. We computed the basic reproduction number and examined its correlation with model parameters. Dynamical analysis revealed that the model exhibits a backward bifurcation. Using numerical techniques, we investigated the influence of varying control strategies, modeled as both time-dependent and non-time-dependent functions, on epidemic dynamics. In both scenarios, we identified threshold levels of intervention and the timelines required for disease extinction. These findings underscore the complexity of dengue dynamics and highlight the necessity of tailored intervention approaches for effective disease management.Item Dynamical Analysis of Mpox Disease with Environmental Effects(MDPI, 2025-05-29) Mlyashimbi, Helikumi; Ojija, Fredrick; Mhlanga, AdquateIn this study, we develop a fractional-order mathematical model for investigating the transmission dynamics of monkeypox (Mpox), accounting for interactions between humans, rodents, and environmental reservoirs. The model uniquely integrates two key control strategies—public health awareness and environmental sanitation—often overlooked in previous models. We analyze the model’s well-posedness by establishing the existence, uniqueness, and positivity of solutions using the fixed-point theorem. Using data from the Democratic Republic of Congo, we estimate the model parameters and demonstrate that the fractional-order model (ϕ = 0.5) fits real-world data more accurately than its integer-order counterpart (ϕ = 1). The sensitivity analysis using partial rank correlation coefficients highlights the key drivers of disease spread. Numerical simulations reveal that the memory effects inherent in fractional derivatives significantly influence the epidemic’s trajectory. Importantly, our results show that increasing awareness (ϵ) and sanitation efforts (η) can substantially reduce transmission, with sustained suppression of Mpox when both parameters exceed 90%. These findings highlight the synergistic impact of behavioral and environmental interventions in controlling emerging zoonotic diseases.Item Multimedia Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Health Risks in a Riverine Agro Mining Landscape(Springer, 2025-12-11) Kadala, Charles D.; Rwiza, Mwemezi J.; Mwaijengo, Grite Nelson; Sawe, Shovi Furaeli; Matab,Gordian RockyHeavy metal pollution in agro-mining zones threatens ecosystems and human health through bioaccumulation and food-chain transfer. This study assessed heavy metal pollution and associated health risks in the Likuyu River catchment by measuring concentrations of zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb). During the rainy season, samples of water, sediment, soil, and locally cultivated vegetables were systematically collected along a 22.7 km stretch of the river. Heavy metal concentrations were analyzed by flame atomicItem Biotechnological Innovations to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance and Advance Global Health Equity.(MDPI, 2025-09-05) Rugarabamu, Sima; Mwanyika, GasparyAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health emergency that threatens the effectiveness of modern medicine, exacerbating healthcare costs, morbidity, and mortality, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Traditional approaches to antimicrobial development and stewardship have proven inadequate in curbing the rapid emergence and spread of resistant pathogens. This review explores cutting-edge biotechnological innovations as sustainable, precision-based solutions to combat AMR and promote global health equity. A comprehensive narrative review was conducted using literature published between 2018 and 2023 from PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. Peer-reviewed studies focusing on novel antimicrobial strategies were thematically analyzed, with attention to efficacy, feasibility, and translational readiness. Key innovations identified include nanotechnology-enhanced antimicrobial delivery, bacterio-phage therapy, CRISPR-Cas gene editing, immunotherapy, and personalized medicine.These strategies demonstrated substantial in vitro and in vivo efficacy, such as >90% MRSA biofilm reduction via silver nanoparticles and 95% carbapenem susceptibility restoration in E. coli using CRISPR-Cas9. When integrated with machine learning and rapid diagnostics, these approaches enable precision-targeted therapies and data-informed stewardship, offering scalable solutions adaptable to diverse healthcare systems. Antimicrobial resistance demands urgent, equitable innovation. Integrating biotechnologies like CRISPR, phage therapy, and nanomedicine with data-driven tools offers promising solutions. To ensure real-world impact, we recommend establishing regionally tailored translational research platforms and public–private partnerships as the most effective strategy to scale innovations and strengthen AMR response in low-resource settings.Item Quantifying the Public Health Effects of Vaccine Hesitancy and Delays in Screening Clinically Infected Patients: Insights From a COVID-19 Transmission Model(International Journal of Mathematical Sciences and Optimization, 2025-09-20) Lolika ,Paride O; Helikumi, Mlyashimbi,; Sube, Kenneth; Mushayabasa, SteadyMotivated by the recent COVID-19 outbreak, we develop a time delay infectious disease model that incorporates vaccination and screening of clinically infected patients and calibrate it using Chinese data to understand the quantitative implications of vaccine hesitancy and delay in the screening of clinically infected patients. Vaccine hesitancy refers to the denial or delay in acceptance of vaccines despite their availability. Understanding the implications of vaccine hesitancy is therefore essential for designing public health interventions. Analysis of the model revealed that whenever R0 ≤ 1, there exists a globally asymptotically disease-free equilibrium. However, whenever R0 > 1, there exists a unique endemic equilibrium which is globally asymptotically stable. In addition, results also show that vaccine hesitancy and delay in hospitalizing clinically infected patients have a stronger impact on the deaths toll and new infections generated [1,2]. Vaccine hesitancy and delayed screening of clinically infected patients lead to harmonic oscillations in deaths and new cases, which, however, die out over time. Our findings underscore the importance of including vaccine hesitancy and delay in hospitalizing clinically infected patients in the design of control strategies for infectious diseases.Item Impact of Health Education Interventions for Control of Taenia solium Cysticercosis/Taeniasis in Endemic Countries: A Systematic Review.(WILEY, 2025-10-08) Nyangi, Chacha; Martin, Ernatus; Helena, Mkupasi; Ngowi, Aminiel; Mahonge, ChristopherDespite some control efforts, Taenia solium cysticercosis/taeniasis (TSCT) remains widespread in many low-income countries across sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Asia. With increased global interaction, the risk of infection also rises in highincome countries (HICs) and middle-income countries (MICs). Community knowledge and awareness are crucial to influence behavioural change and thus aid in controlling the parasite. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of health education interventions in managing TSCT to inform future disease control strategies. Papers published up to June 2024 were searched through PubMed and Google search engines. Studies evaluating interventions involving health education aimed at improving knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) to alter behavioural responses regarding TSCT were included. Initially, 392 studies were identified, with 21 publications ultimately included in this review. Although behavioural changes and reductions in disease prevalence were challenging to evaluate across the 21 studies, most concluded that health education, developed with community participation, enhanced KAPs, modified behaviour and reduced disease prevalence in the short term.Item Artificial Intelligence in determining optimal questions in assessing social socio-economic status of individuals for routine immunisation services in Tanzania(Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 2025-08-05) Mzurikwao, Deogratias; Edward, Mhamilawa Lwidiko; Simba, Daudi; Balandya, Belinda; Assenga , Evelyne; Okanda, Nyatega Evelyne; Zeramula, Jonathan; Wibonela, Seif; Mzurikwao, Zacharia; Sunguya, BrunoAccurate determination of socio-economic status (SES) is crucial for equitable access to immunization services. Existing SES assessment tools, like the DHS wealth index, are comprehensive but impractical for routine clinical settings due to their length. Objective: To identify the minimum number of questions that can validly determine SES using artificial intelligence (AI), and to assess their validity compared to the standard DHS wealth index. Methods: This study applied Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) using the DHS wealth index as the gold standard. Data were collected from routine RCH clinics in Tanzania. CNN was used to extract weights for each question, and ANN was trained to validate different subsets of questions.Item Zero-valent Iron-aluminium Co-corrosion: A potential Comprehensive Low-cost Method for Water Defluoridation(Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2023) E.S. Lema; Mwakabona, H.T.Climate change coupled with population increase has forced communities in fluoride rich areas to turn to fluoride contaminated groundwater to fill in the water deficit created by drying of water sources and increasing water demand. Application of low-cost materials such as iron and aluminium hydroxides in the field is limited by expensive preparation steps involved. This study investigated the applicability of Fe and Al, in their metallic states, in water defluoridation by allowing simultaneous corrosion of zero-valent aluminium (ZVA) and iron (ZVI) to form in situ hydroxides. The effect of time, dose, concentration and pH was studied by varying one parameter at a time while controlling others. Findings reveal that, mixing the two materials in their metallic state have the same synergistic effect on their fluoride removal properties as their corresponding (hydr)oxides. Whereas in their pure metallic states, iron and aluminium lowered the concentration of fluoride from 15 - 13.09 mg/L and 15 - 14.9 mg/L respectively, their mixture lowered fluoride levels from 15 - 7.74 mg/L in the period of seven (7) days. Spiking the fluoride solution with Fe3+ ions was found to enhance fluoride removal by lowering Fluoride levels from 15 - 0.8 mg/L in the same period. This could imply that a fluoride removal mechanism in this process involves precipitation of fluoro-complexes of iron rather than those of aluminium. These findings, therefore, suggest that a step involving conversion of ZVA and ZVI into their (hydr)oxides can be skipped in water defluoridation without significantly affecting their fluoride removal capacities. Keywords: co-precipitation, zero-valent aluminium, zero-valent iron, defluoridationItem Modeling the Effects of Treatment Adherence Challenges on the Transmission Dynamics of Hepatitis C Virus(OPEN ACCESS, 2025-08-08) Mupedza, Tinashe Victor; Mhlanga, Laurette; Mamutse ,Dennis; Helikumi, Mlyashimbi; Oresto ,Lolika Paride; Tangakugara, Murambiwa Shingirai; Mhlanga, AdquateInfectious Disease Modeling is Crucial for Predicting Disease Progression Over Time And Helps Guide Decision Makers in Public Health Policy. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Prevalence is Still IncreasingiIn Zimbabwe, A Low-Middle-Income Country (LMIC), Despite The Avail- Ability of Effective Treatments, and the Reasons for this Increase Are Not Well Understood. Our Study Employed a Mathematical Model to Explain the Impact of Poor Treatment Adher- Ence on HCV Transmission Dynamics in Zimbabwe. we Computed The Basic Reproduc- Tion Number (R0), a Vital Metric of Disease Spread. Equilibrium States of the Model Were Determined, And Their Stability Was Investigated. The Study Demonstrated That An Adher- Ence Level Exceeding 52% Causes the Reproduction Number to Drop Below 1, Curtailing Further Spread. Our HCV Model Indicates that Variations in Re-Susceptibility Minimally Impact Outcomes, Suggesting that Re-Susceptibility Can Often be Excluded in Such Analy- Ses. Our Model Unraveled the Synergistic Impact of Simultaneously Enhancing the Recov- Ery Rate of Acutely Infected Individuals and Treatment Adherence on Reducing R0. the Study Underlines the Pressing Need for Stronger Health Interventions, Including Patient Education, Financial Assistance, and Rigorous Monitoring, To Improve Treatment Adher- Ence. These Interventions are Paramount in Curbing HCV Proliferation, Particularly in Lmics Like Zimbabwe, and Can Serve as aTemplate for Similar Settings GloballyItem Synergistic Effects and Chemical Interactions of Guava and Beetroot Extracts on Staphylococcus aureus(Sage, 2025-02-28) Mauya, Ester Vicent; Mwakabona, Hezron TimothyObjective: The rise of bacterial resistance presents significant challenges to the pharmaceutical industry. Researchers have focused on finding ways to counteract microbial resistance, with one approach being the exploration of synergistic effects from combining drugs or natural products. This study investigates the antibacterial effect of combining ethanolic extracts of guava leaves and beetroot against Staphylococcus aureus, and potential chemical interactions between the bioactive compounds. Methods: Using disk diffusion antibiotic sensitivity testing, the study compares the antibacterial activity of individual plant extracts with the combined extract. Additionally, the UV/Vis spectra of the individual and combined extracts were compared to assess chemical interactions. Results: Findings indicate that the combination of guava leaves, and beetroot extracts has a weak synergistic effect against S. aureus, with a Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) index of 0.25. The UV/Vis spectrum showed decreased absorbance at 245–280 nm and increased absorption at 365–400, 475, and 675 nm, suggesting the conversion of compounds and chemical inter actions between bioactive compounds in the combined extract. Conclusion: The study concludes that combining guava leaves and beetroot extracts results in a weak synergistic antibacterial effect against S. aureus, with bioactive compounds interacting to form derivatives that enhance activity. Further studies are, therefore, recommended to elucidate the mechanisms of these interactions and their effects against S. aureus.Item Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Readiness and Hesitancy Among Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa(PLOS Global Public Health, 2023-07-14) Abubakari, Sulemana W.; Workneh, Firehiwot; Asante, Kwaku P.; Hemler, Elena, C.; Madzorera, Isabel; Wang, Dongqing; Ismail, Abbas; Assefa, Nega; Azemraw, Temesgen; Lankoande, Bruno; Nuhu, Abdul R.; Chukwu, Angela; Mapendo, Frank; Millogo, Ourohire´; Olufemi, Adedokun A.; Okpara, Daniel; Boudo, Valentin; Mwanyika-Sando, Mary; Berhane, Yemane; Baernighausen, Till; Oduola, Ayoade; Vuai, Said; Sie, Ali; Soura, Abdramane; Killewo, Japhet; Tajudeen, Raji; Fawzi, Wafaie W.; Smith, Emily R.There is very limited data on the extent and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults living in sub-Saharan Africa since the global roll-out of vaccines began in 2021. This multi-country survey sought to investigate COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and other predictors of readiness to get vaccinated. We conducted surveys among adults resid- ing in nine urban and rural areas in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, and Tanzania in late 2021. Log binomial regression models were used to identify prevalence and factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and beliefs around COVID-19 misinformation. We com- pleted a total of 2,833 interviews. Among all respondents, 9% had never heard of a COVID- 19 vaccine, 12% had been vaccinated, and 20% knew someone else who had been vacci- nated. The prevalence of vaccine hesitancy varied by country (Ethiopia 29%, Burkina Faso 33%, Nigeria 34%, Ghana 42%, Tanzania 65%), but not by rural or urban context. People who did not think the vaccine was safe or effective, or who were unsure about it, were more likely to be vaccine hesitant. Those who reported they did not have a trusted source of infor- mation about the vaccine (aPR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.18,1.31) and those who thought the vaccine would not be made available to them within the year were more likely to be vaccine hesitant. Women were more likely to be vaccine hesitant (aPR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.19,1.43) and believe COVID-19 falsehoods (aPR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02,1.08). The most commonly believed false- hoods were that the vaccine was developed too fast and that there was not enough informa- tion about whether the vaccine was effective or not. Educational campaigns targeted at misinformation and tailored to suit each country are recommended to build trust in COVID- 19 vaccines and reduce hesitancy.Item In Silico Study of the Inhibition of SARS-COV-2 Viral Cell Entry by Neem Tree Extracts(ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY, 2021-07-03) Shadrack, Daniel M.; Vuai, Said. A.H.; Sahini, Mtabazi G.; Onoka, IsaacThe outbreak of COVID-19, caused by SARS-COV-2, is responsible for higher mortality and morbidity rates across the globe. Until now, there is no specific treatment of the disease and hospitalized patients are treated according to the symptoms they develop. Efforts to identify drugs and/or vaccines are ongoing processes. Natural products have shown great promise in the treatment of many viral related diseases. In this work, using in silico methods, bioactive compounds from the neem tree were investigated for their ability to block viral cell entry as spike RBD-ACE2 inhibitors. Azadirachtin H, quentin and margocin were identified as potential compounds that demonstrated viral cell entry inhibition properties. The structural re-orientation of azadirachtin H was observed as the mechanism for viral cell entry inhibition. These compounds possessed good pharmacodynamic properties. The proposed molecules can serve as a starting point towards developing effective anti-SARS-COV-2 drugs targeting the inhibition of viral cell entry upon further in vitro and in vivo validation.Item An Overview of Maternity healthcare Monitoring in Developing Nations(Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2024) Kyambille, Godphrey G.; Mvuma, Aloys N.; Machuve, DinaA healthcare monitoring arrangement is essential for frequently monitoring a patient's health status. Specifically, maternal healthcare systems for tracking are utilized to evaluate the clinical status and monitor any abnormal condition changes during all three trimesters. This paper's objective is to conduct an extensive literature review and acknowledge earlier initiatives and studies conducted previously in maternal health care monitoring. This review focuses on accumulating information from earlier work and presents a general overview of previous studies concerning maternal health care monitoring (MHCM). The paper focuses on the maternal healthcare systems in developing countries accessed by pregnant women during the antenatal period. Furthermore, this paper highlights the challenges in the maternal health sector that include inadequate work conditions for health workers, home-based birth practices, long distances to healthcare facilities, and long waiting times in health facilities. The paper indicates the potential opportunities to strengthen maternal healthcare services and allow effective access to maternal healthcare facilities by pregnant womenItem Determinants of acceptability of schistosomiasis mass drug administration among primary school children in Busega District, Northwestern Tanzania.(OPEN ACCESS, 2025-07-18) Yunzu Edward, Irene; Maritim, PatriciaSchistosomiasis is endemic in Tanzania, with a prevalence ranging between 12.7% to 87.6%. Mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel is the main recommended choice of preventive treatment for the disease. Low treatment coverage rates (46.6%) in Busega District, Northwestern Tanzania which are far less than the recommended effective coverage rates of ≥ 75% could indicate low acceptability and poor uptake of MDA. This study sought to establish factors associated with acceptability of schisto somiasis mass drug administration among primary school children in Busega District.Item Women's Satisfaction on Maternal Healthcare Services in Public Health Facilities: A Case of Meta Maternity Hospital(Tanzania Medical Journal, 2025-05-01) Kyambille, Godphrey; Mvuma, Aloys; Machuve, Dina; Rugumisa, Bernadether; Mang'ara, JL. RevocatusSatisfaction with healthcare services serves as a key measure of quality in healthcare systems. Although the Ministry of Health in Tanzania has introduced attentive and respectful health service, the satisfaction levels among pregnant women with delivery services at public hospitals remain inadequately addressed.