Hydrochemical evaluation and risk assessment of the Danube river, Hungary using Canadian indices, geochemical modeling, and simulation techniques

Simple item page
dc.contributor.authorSaeed, Omar
dc.contributor.authorSzékács, András
dc.contributor.authorMörtl, Mária
dc.contributor.authorJordán , Győző
dc.contributor.authorLameck ,Azaria Stephano
dc.contributor.authorAl-Mashreki,Mohammed Hezam
dc.contributor.authorAbukhadra ,Mostafa R.
dc.contributor.authorEl-Sherbeeny , Ahmed M.
dc.contributor.authorSzűcs, Péter
dc.contributor.authorEid, Mohamed Hamdy
dc.date.accessioned2026-04-22T11:16:37Z
dc.date.available2026-04-22T11:16:37Z
dc.date.issued2025-09-15
dc.descriptionThis article was published by Springer
dc.description.abstractThis study investigates the metals risks in the Danube River, Hungary, and identifies the natural and anthropogenic sources using geochemical modeling. In total, 76 water samples were collected from seven sites along the river during 2018. Physicochemical and heavy metals have been analyzed. Statistical tools, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), were applied. Water quality was assessed using the Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI), Metal Pollution Index (MPI), Nemerow Composite Index (NCI), Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI), and Carcinogenic Risk (CR). A probabilistic approach using Monte Carlo simulation was applied to evaluate uncertainty and health risks. Geochemical modeling revealed that the river is undersaturated with minerals like gypsum, anhydrite, and halite, but supersaturated with aragonite, dolomite, and calcite. The average CWQI (44.8) and Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI, 60.1) indicate that the water is unsuitable for drinking. However, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR=0.5), Sodium Percentage (Na% = 15.4), and Kelly’s Ratio (KR=0.2), suggest favorable conditions for agricultural use. The low ecological risk index (RI=0.5) and MPI (
dc.description.sponsorshipPrivate
dc.identifier.issn84:603
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.must.ac.tz/handle/123456789/580
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.titleHydrochemical evaluation and risk assessment of the Danube river, Hungary using Canadian indices, geochemical modeling, and simulation techniques
dc.typeArticle
Files
Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
azaria et al.pdf
Size:
1.9 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.71 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed to upon submission
Description:
Download
Collections
Journal Articles