A comparative in-vitro study on antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based hand washing sanitizers towards combating microbes and its application in combating Covid-19 global outbreak

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dc.contributor.authorVuai, Said Ali Hamad
dc.contributor.authorSahin Khalfani Salimi,
dc.contributor.authorSule, Mtabazi Geofrey
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-06T07:23:43Z
dc.date.available2025-08-06T07:23:43Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.descriptionThis article was published by Heliyon in 2022.
dc.description.abstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has created endless social, economic, and political fear in the global human population. Measures employed include frequent washing hands and using alcohol-based hand sanitisers and hand rubs as instant hand hygiene products. Due to the need to mitigate the pandermic, there is an increase in the local production of alcohol-based hand sanitisers, whose quality and efficacy against germs and the virus are questionable. Therefore, the current study investigated the in-vitro antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based handwashing sanitizers used to mitigate the Covid-19 global outbreak toward combating enveloped bacteria such as E. Coli, P. aeroginosa, S. aureus, and a fungus C. albicans. The antimicrobial effectiveness of alcohol-based hand sanitizer was performed by the agar well diffusion method, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used for statistical analysis. Results indicate that alcohol hand-based sanitizers were more effective in inhibiting P. aeroginosa, with a mean zone of inhibition of 12.47 mm, followed by E. coli, a gram negative bacterium with a mean zone of inhibition of 12.13 mm than both S. aureus and C. albicans as gram positive bacteria, and fungi respectively had the same inhibition average of 11.40 mm. The overall mean diameter of inhibition was statistically significantly different among the fifteen tested products. Only one brand of alcohol-based hand sanitizers was the most effective in inhibiting microbes. Less effective sanitizers may impair Covid 19 mitigation efforts and put the population at risk instead of protecting it. Indicating the need for all materials used to mitigate Covid 19 pandermic, including alcohol-based hand sanitizers, to be evaluated and monitored to ensure public health safety
dc.description.sponsorshipMUST
dc.identifier.otherdoi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11689
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.must.ac.tz/handle/123456789/380
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherHeliyon
dc.titleA comparative in-vitro study on antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based hand washing sanitizers towards combating microbes and its application in combating Covid-19 global outbreak
dc.typeArticle
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