Analysis of Flooding Effects on the Msingi Masonry Arch Bridge in Mkalama, Singida, Tanzania
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Date
2025-06-30
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MUST Journal of Research and Development (MJRD)
Abstract
Human induced hydraulic factors have emerged as the leading cause of bridge failures since the 1990s, accounting for approximately 50% of incidents recorded in the authors' database. These failures often occur without warning and result in substantial structural damage. With the intensifying impacts of climate change globally and particularly in Tanzania, such events are projected to become more frequent. Among hydraulic causes, flooding poses the most significant risk, primarily through mechanisms like erosion, high hydraulic forces, and sedimentation. This study assesses the vulnerability of the Msingi Masonry Arch Bridge to flooding, examining both immediate and long-term impacts on its structural integrity. It evaluates the bridge's exposure to flood-related hazards and compares the original design discharge capacity of 1497.57 m³/s with the updated estimate of 1777.90 m³/s, revealing a critical under-capacity during peak flows. Based on these findings, the study proposes adaptive strategies to enhance the bridge’s flood resilience. Key recommendations include reinforcing embankments with stone retaining walls, raising the bridge elevation to accommodate future flood levels, and redesigning piers with upstream V-shaped walls to reduce debris accumulation. Additionally, the study advocates for community engagement through awareness programs and the preservation of natural riverbank vegetation to mitigate erosion. These measures aim to inform stakeholders and serve as a reference for flood-resilient infrastructure planning in similarly vulnerable regions.
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This paper was published by MUST Journal of Research and Development (MJRD) in 2025