Entropy Optimization in Transient Hydromagnetics Laminar Flow Through a Vertical Stream With Emission of Thermal Energy and Temperature-Dependent Properties Governed by Newtonian Cooling
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Date
2026-05-02
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Wiley
Abstract
This study incorporates thermal energy, temperature-dependent properties, thermal-dynamic irreversibility in MHD fluid flow
embedded in a porous vertical medium driven by Newtonian cooling. The study considers an incompressible, electrically conducting fluid flowing laminarly in a vertical channel bounded by two infinite parallel plates. The governing equations are developed
and discretized using Crank-Nicolson finite difference scheme (CN-FDM) where the discretized equations are simulated using
MATLAB software. The findings reveal that rising magnetic field by 2% lowers both velocity and temperature up to 0.2% with
intensified entropy reduction near the walls. Amplifying permeability by 4% intensifies fluid motion while Bejan number falls by
approximately 7%, stabilizing unrecovered fluid friction. Escalating the radioactive parameter by 6% improves the temperature
profile while lowering Bejan number. Rising pressure gradient deteriorates the Bejan number by approximately 9% caused by stabilized fluid friction across the channel. Moreover, the temperature profile and Bejan number fall by 12% due to an increase in Prandtl number by 5%. Fluid motion deteriorates by 4% while entropy production at the central region of the channel is reduced
by 13% with the increase in Eckert number. Escalating heat generation by 8% amplifies the temperature profile by 16% and reduces fluid resistance by 23%, with intensified entropy production near the walls. Fine-tuning buoyancy forces may lower entropy pro-
duction by approximately 30%. Velocity and temperature reach a steady state with buoyancy, while time increases, wall shear and
heat transfer before stabilization. The findings reveal that variations of these physical quantities have a great influence to coefficient of skin friction and Nusselt number on both walls. These results inform the MHD and thermal-fluid systems designers
to ensure fine-tuning of magnetic field parameter, Darcy number, Eckert number, internal heat generation, Prandtl number, and
buoyance effects that enhance effective thermodynamic in these systems.
Description
Keywords
convective cooling | entropy optimization | laminar flow | MHD, radiation