Journal Articles

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A CommonFixed Point Theorem for Generalised F-Kannan Mapping in Metric Space with Applications
(Hindawi, 2021) Wangwe, Lucas; Kumar, Santosh
This paper is aimed at proving a common fixed point theorem for F-Kannan mappings in metric spaces with an application to integral equations. The main result of the paper will extend and generalise the recent existing fixed point results in the literature. Wealso provided illustrative examples and some applications to integral equation, nonlinear fractional differential equation, and ordinary differential equation for damped forced oscillations to support the results
A comparative in-vitro study on antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based hand washing sanitizers towards combating microbes and its application in combating Covid-19 global outbreak
(Heliyon, 2022) Vuai, Said Ali Hamad; Sahin Khalfani Salimi,; Sule, Mtabazi Geofrey
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has created endless social, economic, and political fear in the global human population. Measures employed include frequent washing hands and using alcohol-based hand sanitisers and hand rubs as instant hand hygiene products. Due to the need to mitigate the pandermic, there is an increase in the local production of alcohol-based hand sanitisers, whose quality and efficacy against germs and the virus are questionable. Therefore, the current study investigated the in-vitro antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based handwashing sanitizers used to mitigate the Covid-19 global outbreak toward combating enveloped bacteria such as E. Coli, P. aeroginosa, S. aureus, and a fungus C. albicans. The antimicrobial effectiveness of alcohol-based hand sanitizer was performed by the agar well diffusion method, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used for statistical analysis. Results indicate that alcohol hand-based sanitizers were more effective in inhibiting P. aeroginosa, with a mean zone of inhibition of 12.47 mm, followed by E. coli, a gram negative bacterium with a mean zone of inhibition of 12.13 mm than both S. aureus and C. albicans as gram positive bacteria, and fungi respectively had the same inhibition average of 11.40 mm. The overall mean diameter of inhibition was statistically significantly different among the fifteen tested products. Only one brand of alcohol-based hand sanitizers was the most effective in inhibiting microbes. Less effective sanitizers may impair Covid 19 mitigation efforts and put the population at risk instead of protecting it. Indicating the need for all materials used to mitigate Covid 19 pandermic, including alcohol-based hand sanitizers, to be evaluated and monitored to ensure public health safety
A Note on Fractional-Order Model for Cholera Disease Transmission with Control Strategies
(Mbeya University of Science and Technology, 2021-12-29) Helikumi,Mlyashimbi; Lolika,Paride O.
In this paper, we formulated and analyzed a fractional-order model for cholera disease transmission that consists of human population and surrounding environment. Three control strategies namely: health education campaigns, hygiene practices, and treatment of infected individuals are investigated. We divided the human pop- ulation into three sub-classes namely: Susceptible, infected and recovered classes. The main assumptions on the disease transmission were that susceptible humans acquire the disease through contact with either infected humans or directly from environment. Mathematical analysis of the model was carried out and the threshold quantity R0 which determine the existence of the disease in the population was determined. The model analysis showed that the disease exist in the population whenever R0 > 1 and dies wherever R0 ≤ 1. It was also noted that both the disease-free and endemic equilibria are globally stable. Further more, we performed the numerical simulations of the model and the results showed that the order of derivatives have the influence on spread of cholera disease in the population. It was also noted that both the aforementioned control strategies have the potential to minimize the spread of cholera in the community.
A Preliminary Study on Abundance and Diversity of Aquatic Macro Invertebrates of Nzovwe Stream, in Mbeya, Tanzania
(Research Publish Journals, 2016) Ojija, Fredrick; Kavishe, Regan
The purpose of this current study was to determine the diversity, species richness, dominance and evenness of macroinvertebrates fauna found in Nzovwe stream. The study was carried out from 02 November to 28 December 2015. A total of 584 aquatic macroinvertebrate from 7 orders and 16 species were recoded. They belonged to 22 families. This study shows that Odonata (35.96%) was the most dominant order according to total number of individuals, followed by Hemiptera (25.514%), Coleoptera (19.007 %), Diptera (12.842%), Plecoptera (5.137%), Gastropoda (1.027%) and Ephemeroptera (1.027%). The most abundant species were Dragonflies (27.226%), Water striders (13.185%), and Creeping water bugs (10.274%), whereas the least abundant species were Giant water bugs and Backswimmers (0.514%). The Shannon-Wiener Index diversity and Evenness index (Pielou’s index) was higher in order Coleoptera (1.33) and Diptera (0.940) respectively. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Gastropoda (Shannon’s, H’ = 0.00) were the lowest. Simpson’s Reciprocal Index diversity was highest in order Coleoptera (3.400) while Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Gastropoda (1/D = 1.000) were the lowest. The species richness of macroinvertebrates was calculated by using Margalef’s Index. Moreover, it was found that the stream is poorly managed and threatened by pollution from domestic wastes.
Advanced Level Student Competences In Doing Biology Practical: The Case Of Dissection Of Frog In Kinondoni And Bagamoyo Districts, Tanzania
(IJRISS, 2021) Kibani, Leoncia H.
This study examined students’ learning competences of biology practical skills during dissection of animal specimen Frog/Toad in A’level secondary schools in Kinondoni and Bagamoyo district. Mixed method approach and case study design were employed. Biology practical sessions were examined in 10 secondary schools, five from each district. Participants involved 10 form six biology students and 2 teachers from each school. Data were collected through interview with teachers, focus group discussion with students and participatory observation. Sampling was purposively to teachers and randomly to students. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed thematically and descriptively respectively. Findings includes: A’level students were not competent in dissecting frog. Students lack practical technical skills in dissection, lack clear knowledge on the internal features of frog, lack knowledge on the ethics of dissection processes, lack familiarity of some dissecting materials and skills in using dissecting tools. There was limited practical guides and facilities needed for dissection. The study concludes that teachers need to be trained on how to teach practical lessons. The study recommend the government to supply guides and dissecting kits to all schools and make a follow on what and how students are learning practical lessons
Allelopathic Effects of Sphaeranthus Suaveolens (Forssk.) DC. and Argemone Mexicana L Leaf Crude Extract On Zea Mays L Germination and Growth
(ResearchGate, 2023) Ojija, Fredrick
Sphaeranthus suaveolens (Forssk.) DC. and Argemone mexicana L. plant species are agricultural weeds that threaten crops and native plant diversity in East Africa, particularly in Tanzania. Yet, there have been few studies to assess whether their allelopathic effects inhibit plant germination and growth. Experiments were carried out in petri dishes and pots to investigate the inhibition effects (here referred to as negative allelopathy) of S. suaveolens leaf (SsL) and A. mexicana leaf (AmL) crude extracts on Zea mays L germination and seedling growth. Zea mays seeds and seedlings were treated with different crude concentrations of SsL and AmL to investigate their inhibition potential. The results showed that SsL and AmL crude extract concentrations delayed and/or reduced Z. mays germination, particularly at higher concentrations (70% and 100%). At these higher concentrations, few seeds germinated compared to the number of seeds germinated at lower concentrations (0%, 25%, and 50%). Further, it was found that Z. mays growth vigour was negatively affected as evinced by lower stem and root lengths, diameters, and total fresh biomass at higher concentrations of SsL and AmL. Although this study demonstrates the allelopathic effect of S. suaveolens and A. mexicana on Z. mays germination and growth, it also recommends further laboratory and field research experiments to investigate their allelopathic effects on other crops and native plants. However, this study advises that the management and control of these weeds be taken into account as their inhibitory effects could subsequently lead to a loss of plant diversity and crop productivity.
Aluminum, Silicon and Nutrients Characteristics in Precipitation of Semi-Arid Area in Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania
(International Invention Journals, 2015) Vuai, Said Ali H.
Dodoma region is a semi arid area experiencing long dry season accompanied with very strong wind. This condition results into suspension of particles in the atmosphere originating from the blown soil dust which may transport nutrients and other metals and causing negative consequences to the ecosystem. Contribution of this phenomenon to the atmospheric aluminum, silicon and nutrients is not well understood. The study was conducted to assess atmospheric deposition of aluminum, silicon and nutrients in Dodoma Municipality. The samples of rain water were collected in event basis from three different areas reflecting a combination of natural and anthropogenic activities and analyzed for aluminum, silicon, ammonium, nitrate and phosphate. The results show that there is strong variation in rainfall intensity within Dodoma Municipality caused by niches of micro meteorological factors. The concentration of nutrients showed that NO3 ->NH4 +>PO4 3- with volume weighted mean concentrations 500, 210 and 160μgL-1, respectively. Nutrients deposition in Dodoma Municipality show clear spatial variation due to nature and intensity of anthropogenic activities. It was also found that annual deposition flux of the nitrogen based nutrient is low compared to the other reported area with similar rainfall intensity reflecting less industrial activities and relatively low population density. However phosphorous deposition is relatively high due to burning of biomass during land preparation and dissolution from soil particles. Silicon and aluminum in the precipitation around Dodoma Municipality was significantly high showing clear spatial variation as results of variation of rainwater pH. It was concluded that strong wind during dry condition disperse nutrients and bring soil dust which results into high concentrations of aluminum and silicon and low concentrations of nitrogen in the wet precipitation
An Intrinsic Analysis of Human Brucellosis Dynamics in Africa
(ResearchGate, 2022-08-27) Lolika, Paride O.; Helikumi, Mlyashimbi
Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic infections globally. It affects humans, domestic animals and wildlife. In this paper, we conduct an intrinsic analysis of human brucellosis dynamics in non-periodic and periodic environments. As such we propose and study two mathematical models for human brucellosis transmission and control, in which humans acquire infection from cattle and wildlife. The first model is an autonomous dynamical system and the second is a non-autonomous dynamical system in which the seasonal transmission of brucellosis is incorporated. Disease intervention strategies incorporated in this study are cattle vaccination, culling of infectious cattle and human treatment. For both models we conduct both epidemic and endemic analysis, with a focus on the threshold dynamics characterized by the basic reproduction numbers. Using sensitivity analysis we established that R0 is most sensitive to the rate of brucellosis transmission from buffalos to cattle, the result suggest that in order to control human brucellosis there is a need to control cattle infection. Based on our models, we also formulate an optimal control problem with cattle vaccination and culling of infectious cattle as control functions. Using reasonable parameter values, numerical simulations of the optimal control demonstrate the possibility of reducing brucellosis incidence in humans, wildlife and cattle, within a finite time horizon, for both periodic and non-periodic environments.
An Invasive Plant Parthenium Hysterophorus Reduces Native Forage Cover
(East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources, 2022) Ojija, Fredrick; Lutambi, Leticia P
While some research has been conducted in sub–Saharan Africa on the alien invasive Parthenium hysterophorus, little work has assessed whether it is poses negative impact on native forages. A field survey was carried out to study the dominant co–existing plant species, and its impact on plant abundance, species, and native forage cover. We found that non–natives were the dominant co–existing plants with P. hysterophorus compared to natives. Plant species (r = -0.889, P = 0.043) and abundance (r = -0.968, P = 0.007) decreased with increasing invasive percent cover. Moreover, native forage plant (Brachiaria reptans; r = -0.922, P = 0.026), Cynodon dactylon; r = -0.972, P = 0.006, Digitaria milanjiana; r = -0.938, P = 0.018, and Indigofera spicata; r = -0.977, P = 0.004) percent cover decreased with increasing invasive percent cover. The study concludes that P. hysterophorus negatively affects plant diversity, and thus, should controlled.
Analysis of Qater Quality Parameters and Ecosystem Services of Nzovwe Stream
(IJBLST, 2015) Ojija, Fredrick
This paper presents analyzed physico-chemical parameters and assessed ecosystem services of Nzovwe stream. Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed using methods and procedures as prescribed by American Public Health Association and Tanzania Bureau of Standards. Whereas, ecosystem services were assessed qualitatively using households survey questionnaires. In average the water sample from Nzovwe stream had the following measurement; pH was 8.14(±07SD), Temperature 24.7(±0.2SD)0C, Turbidity 320(±20SD)NTU, Total alkalinity 202(±2SD)mg/L, Total hardness 58(±8SD)mg/L, Electrical conductivity 540(±20SD)μs/cm, Total suspended solids 314.027(±73.19SD)mg/L and Total dissolved solids 361.8(±13.4SD)mg/L. Field observations revealed that the stream is in danger of being polluted due to human activities (i.e. washing clothes and bathing, cultivation or gardening, irrigations) and dumping of wastes from households. Physico-chemical parameters showed no or little evidence of a stream being polluted because almost all parameters were within permissible range of Tanzania Bureau of standards (TBS). About 90% of interviewed households said that Nzovwe stream supply them with provisioning services (fresh water for drinking, washing, bathing, or sanitation purposes and other domestic uses); 3% said that they extract building materials (soil and pebbles); 5% specified that they use stream water for irrigation of crops (banana trees, maize) and gardens (vegetables); while 2% obtain pastures to feed livestock. This study recommends that future studies must include biological parameters instead of using only physico-chemical parameters to assess the quality of water in Nzovwe stream. Moreover, local authority must ensure that the stream is well protected by establishing stream management committees which will incorporate individuals from households adjacent the Nzovwe stream.
Application Software for Water Quality Data Management (MajiBora-DM) in Tanzania
(Water Institute, 2024) Bairo, Antoni M.; Elisadiki, Joyce; Sahini, Mtabazi G.; Vuai, Said A.
In Tanzania, water quality laboratories face the difficult task of managing all of the processes involved in handling water samples. These tasks include registering samples, evaluating their quality, documenting critical parameters, analyzing data, making professional recommendations on water treatment solutions to achieve superior results, and creating comprehensive reports for clients. In this paper, the authors explain the development of the Majibora-DM program, a comprehensive tool for managing water quality data. The authors developed MajiBora-DM using the Python Integrated Development Environment (IDE), pyinstaller, and the Inno compiler, then tested it on a Windows operating system computer. It demonstrated the ability to register samples, allow data sharing among computers connected to the internet, record water quality parameters, analyze water quality, interpret data, and generate reports with water treatment approach recommendations. The software plays a crucial role by calculating the impact of chemical dosages on water quality parameters in water treatment plants, thereby recommending the most effective dosage to achieve the desired quality. Also, it can simplify water quality data analysis, allow real-time data sharing, generate water quality reports, and suggest the appropriate water treatment method using artificial intelligence to achieve clean and safe water for the intended use
ARGEMONE MEXICANA’S LEAF CRUDE EXTRACT SUPPRESSES PHASEOLUS VULGARIS AND ZEA MAYS GERMINATION AND GROWTH
(Tropical Agroecosystems, 2023) Ojija, Fredrick
The Argemone mexicana plant species is invading many habitats in Tanzania. Nevertheless, there have not been many studies to assess how it affects crops. In petri dishes and pot experiments, we investigated the suppressive effects of A. mexicana on Phaseolus vulgaris and Zea mays germination and seedling growth. Different concentrations of A. mexicana leaf (AmL) crude extract was applied to the seeds and seedlings of P. vulgaris and Z. mays. At higher concentrations (>70%), AmL crude extract concentrations reduced the germination and growth of P. vulgaris and Z. mays seeds. The fresh biomass, root lengths, stem diameters, and heights of P. vulgaris seedlings were reduced at higher concentrations (>75%) of AmL, which had a negative impact on their growth vigour. Although this study shows that P. vulgaris and Z. mays germination and growth were inhibited by A. mexicana crude extract, field research experiments should investigate the suppressive effects of this invasive weed on native plant species. The study recommends further management of A. mexicana to protect native biodiversity. It is expected that these results will be helpful in developing policies and programs for managing invasive plants while taking into account the effects on people's livelihoods.
Assessment of Current State and Impact of REDD+ on Livelihood of Local People in Rungwe District, Tanzania
(Forest Research Open Access, 2016-01-18) Fredrick, Ojija
A climate change mitigation mechanism, Reducing Emission from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) is anticipated to affect livelihoods of forest dependent communities. This study was conducted to establish this impact on livelihoods of local people in Rungwe District, Tanzania. Data were collected through questionnaires, group discussions, and interviews from three villages: Syukula, Ilolo and Kibisi. Results showed that households annual income and crop production are higher after REDD+ implementation. The older respondents (> 40 years old) considered REDD+ to be important for forest management compared to younger generation (<40 years old) (p< 0.05). Similarly, the older respondents considered wood forest products such as fuelwood, charcoal, timber and poles to be reduced. There was a widespread awareness about REDD+’s objectives among household respondents. Therefore, REDD+ proponents should implement alternative sources of livelihoods to help local people improve their income and reduce dependence on the forest resources and eventually decrease deforestation and forest degradation.
Attenuation of nitrate from Aqueous Solution using Raw and Surface Modified Biosorbents from Adansonia Digitata Fruit Pericarp
(Elsevier, 2022-07-14) Mihayo , David; Vegi, Maheswara Rao; Vuai, Said Ali Hamad
The prevalence of nitrate in potable water is a serious environmental concern. Several methods for eliminating nitrate from water have been made and implemented. During the course of this research, raw (RADFP) and surface-modified fruit pericarp (SMADFP) biosorbents derived from the Adansonia digitata plant were applied in order to remove nitrate from an aqueous solution. The external features of the biosorbents were studied with the aids of SEM and BET. The FT-IR spectrometer was utilized for identification of the functional groups of the ad sorbents. A UV-Vis device was used to quantify the nitrate concentration. The adsorbents under investigation exhibit a heterogeneous pore structure with a considerable number of mesopores, with surface areas of 361.527 and 379.877 m2 per gram for RADFP and SMADFP, respectively. FT-IR spectra revealed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, and halogen groups on the adsorbent. The maximum nitrate removal efficiencies of RADFP and SMADFP were 64.55 and 88.95%, respectively. The maximum adsorption efficiencies are achieved when the pHis 2, the starting concentration is 27.50 mg/L, the contact period is 75.00 min, and the amount of biosorbent is 5.50 g. RADFP and SMADFP have a removal capacity of 12.45 as well as 25.18 mg per gram and adsorption intensity of 3.2300 and 5.4500, respectively. The investigational values for the elimination of nitrate ions concurred well to both Freundlich and Langmuir models with R2 values of 0.99917 and 0.99763 for RADFP and SMADFP, respectively, and pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R2 values of 0.99817 and 0.99947, respec tively for RADFP and SMADFP. It can be concluded that SMADFP is a relatively better biosorbent than RADFP, which will be utilizable for the remediation of nitrate from an aqueous solution.
Beyond Food Preparation: Potential of the Field of Food Science and Technology in Tanzania and Beyond
(East African Journal of Science, Technology and Innovation, 2023-09) A., Ahmed; H., Zaharan
What comes to mind when you hear the phrase "food science and technology" (FST)? One of the authors asked some students who were visiting the Mbeya University of Science and Technology during the Annual Agricultural Exhibition, Nanenane, in August 2022. Their responses were unsurprising because they were very similar to how many people perceive the FST field. Most people mistakenly associate FST with other programmes like Hotel Management and Food and Beverage Production and believe it is all about cooking. Of course, someone with experience in food and beverage production is highly likely to pursue further education in the field of food science and technology. The FST is an interdisciplinary field as opposed to a specific discipline. This review aimed to raise awareness of the FST field among the general public. As a result, we have discussed in great detail in this paper how the field of FST relates to other branches of science, technology, economics, and social sciences. A thorough understanding of the FST field is anticipated to raise awareness of how FST knowledge and abilities can be crucial for leveraging the national economy at both the micro and macro levels through food processing, preservation, quality assurance and safety, and business. To support the nation's vision and Sustainable Development Goals, policy amendments are also advised to integrate the FST into various frameworks.P
Biodiversity conservation and construction industry: Impacts, regulatory frameworks, and challenges
(CAB International, 2025-05-07) Ojija, Fredrick; Lutambi, Leticia P.; Mng’ong’o, Marco E; Mtui, Godliving Y.S; Katambara, Zacharia S
The construction industry plays a crucial role not only in economic development but also presents significant challenges to environmental sustainability. Construction activities frequently result in habitat destruction, pollution, land degradation, fragmentation, and the spread of invasive species, all of which pose severe threats to ecosystems and biodiversity. These impacts contribute to climate change, accelerate biodiversity loss, and endanger vulnerable species and habitats. Without proper mitigation strategies, construction projects can lead to irreversible ecological damage. However, integrating biodiversity-friendly practices into construction planning and execution can help minimize negative effects and enhance ecosystem resilience. A balanced approach that incorporates biodiversity conservation into development processes is essential for achieving sustainable development goals. To address these challenges, regulatory frameworks and environmental policies have been established to prevent or mitigate biodiversity loss caused by construction activities. However, the effectiveness of these regulations varies across regions, often due to gaps in enforcement, inadequate ecological assessments, and insufficient stakeholder engagement. This review critically examines the existing regulatory frameworks governing construction-related biodiversity impacts, assessing their strengths and weaknesses. It identifies areas where policy improvements and stricter enforcement are needed to enhance environmental protection. Furthermore, this study explores sustainable construction practices that can minimize ecological harm, such as green infrastructure, habitat restoration, and nature-based solutions. It also highlights the challenges of aligning rapid urbanization and infrastructure development with biodiversity conservation, including conflicting interests between economic growth and environmental protection. By analysing these challenges and opportunities, this review provides insights into how sustainable construction practices and well-implemented regulations can contribute to biodiversity conservation. Strengthening legal frameworks, fostering cross-sector collaboration, and incorporating scientific research into decision making processes will be key to balancing construction development with ecological sustainability. A proactive approach is essential to ensure that future construction projects support both economic progress and environmental integrity.
Career Aspiration in Relation to Academic Achievement among Undergraduate Students of Mbeya University of Science and Technology, Tanzania.
(MIER Journal of Educational Studies Trends & Practices, 2024-11) Mhule, Daliko; Babu M Daliko; Ngonyani,Mussa; Sumbiz, Enerico
Academic achievement and career aspirations are pivotal in preparing youth for socio economic participation. This study investigated the relationship between the career aspirations and academic achievement of 217 randomly selected undergraduate students, utilizing a cross-sectional survey design and the career aspirations scale (Gregor & Brien, 2016). Results showed that students had moderate career aspirations (Median=3.29) and academic performance (Median=3). Statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U Test indicated no significant gender differences in career aspirations (U=5895, z=.117, p=.91) but a significant difference in academic achievement (U=4775.50, z=-2.57, p=0.01), suggesting that career aspirations predict academic success. The findings highlight the need for academic support services to enhance student performance and career goals, emphasizing career aspirations (U=5895, z=.117, p=.91) but a significant difference in academic achievement (U=4775.50, z=-2.57, p=0.01), suggesting that career aspirations predict academic success. The findings highlight the need for academic support services to enhance student performance and career goals, emphasizing career aspirations as critical for academic success and a central concern for educational policy.
Characterization of MSW and related waste-derived compost in Zanzibar municipality
(wm&r, 2010) Vuai, Said Ali Hamad
The spread of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Zanzibar municipality has been associated with environmental pollution, unpleasant city conditions, contamination of water sources and coastal areas together with harbouring of malaria vectors. The contamination has a close relationship with eruption of diarrhoea, cholera and typhoid which claim the lives of the residents. Most of the wastes are of domestic and market origin and have the potential for compost production. This study examined the possibility of composting MSW from Zanzibar municipality as an alternative way of SW management and assessed the nutrient contents of the compost for application in agricultural production. Two major classes of SW were selected for the study: munic ipal solid waste and rice milling by-products. The samples were composted aerobically and anaerobically. The results showed that aerobic composting reduced about 60% of the waste volume. This volume reduction suggests that composting can be a promising SW management technique by reducing the large demand of space for landfilling. Municipal solid waste composted under anaerobic conditions produced compost with relatively higher concentrations of dissolved species than that produced under aerobic conditions. The trace metal contents were higher in MSW than in rice milling by-products. It was found that the unmanaged compost collected from the dumping site had low nutrient contents and was enriched with trace metals. Generally, physico-chemical characteristics, nutrients and trace metal levels suggest that Zanzibar municipal solid waste can produce high quality compost for application to a wide range of soil types to improve their fertility, under proper management.
Common Beans Imagery Dataset for Early Detection of Bean Rust and Bean Anthracnose Diseases
(Elsevier, 2024) Laizer, Hudson; Mduma, Neema; Machuve, Dina; Maganga, Reinfrid
Common bean plays a crucial role in the agricultural sector in Tanzania. To most smallholder farmers, the crop serves as a principal source of protein and an essential source of in come. Despite its significance, common bean production is often affected by diseases, particularly bean rust and bean anthracnose, resulting in low yields and diminished eco nomic returns. To address this challenge, a comprehensive dataset of common bean leaf images has been collected by using smartphone cameras to capture the visual character istics of healthy and diseased leaves. The dataset contains more than 59,072 labeled images, offering a valuable re source for developing machine learning models and user friendly tools capable of early detection and diagnosis of bean rust and bean anthracnose diseases. The aim of gen erating this dataset is to facilitate the development of ma chine learning tools that will empower agricultural extension officers, smallholder farmers, and other stakeholders in agri culture to promptly identify and diagnose affected crops, en abling timely and effective interventions before causing sig nificant economic loss. By equipping farmers with the knowledge and tools to combat these diseases, we can safeguard bean production, enhance food security, and strengthen the economic well-being of smallholder farmers in Tanzania and other parts of Africa.
Common Fixed Point Theorems for Interpolative Rational-Type Mapping in Complex-Valued Metric Space.
(European Journal of Mathematics and Applications., 2024) Wangwe, Lucas
This paper aims to demonstrate the common fixed point theorem for interpolative rational-type contraction mapping in complex-valued metric spaces. Also provide an example for verification of the proven results. Further, as an application, the paper proves the existence and uniqueness solution of the R L C differential equation.

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